Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics and the Status of Saliva-Based Biosensors
Salivary biomarkers are increasingly being used as an alternative to diagnose and monitor the progression of various diseases due to their ease of use, on site application, non-invasiveness, and most likely improved patient compliance. Here, we highlight the role of salivary biosensors in the genera...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/2/206 |
| _version_ | 1827758366503469056 |
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| author | Hayeon Min Sophie Zhu Lydia Safi Munzer Alkourdi Bich Hong Nguyen Akshaya Upadhyay Simon D. Tran |
| author_facet | Hayeon Min Sophie Zhu Lydia Safi Munzer Alkourdi Bich Hong Nguyen Akshaya Upadhyay Simon D. Tran |
| author_sort | Hayeon Min |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salivary biomarkers are increasingly being used as an alternative to diagnose and monitor the progression of various diseases due to their ease of use, on site application, non-invasiveness, and most likely improved patient compliance. Here, we highlight the role of salivary biosensors in the general population, followed by the application of saliva as a diagnostic tool in the pediatric population. We searched the literature for pediatric applications of salivary biomarkers, more specifically, in children from 0 to 18 years old. The use of those biomarkers spans autoimmune, developmental disorders, oncology, neuropsychiatry, respiratory illnesses, gastrointestinal disorders, and oral diseases. Four major applications of salivary proteins as biomarkers are: (1) dental health (caries, stress from orthodontic appliances, and gingivitis); (2) gastrointestinal conditions (eosinophilic esophagitis, acid reflux, appendicitis); (3) metabolic conditions (obesity, diabetes); and (4) respiratory conditions (asthma, allergic rhinitis, small airway inflammation, pneumonia). Genomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics, are various other classifications for biosensing based on the type of biomarkers used and reviewed here. Lastly, we describe the recent advances in pediatric biosensing applications using saliva. This work guides scientists in fabricating saliva-based biosensors by comprehensively overviewing the potential markers and techniques that can be employed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:05:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd9412bd3834469aafbaf2f7bb0a31b6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:05:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-cd9412bd3834469aafbaf2f7bb0a31b62023-11-16T19:25:32ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742023-01-0113220610.3390/bios13020206Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics and the Status of Saliva-Based BiosensorsHayeon Min0Sophie Zhu1Lydia Safi2Munzer Alkourdi3Bich Hong Nguyen4Akshaya Upadhyay5Simon D. Tran6McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Science, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, CanadaMcGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Science, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, CanadaMcGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Science, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, CanadaMcGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Science, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, CanadaCHU Sainte Justine Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, CanadaMcGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Science, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, CanadaMcGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Science, McGill University, 3640 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, CanadaSalivary biomarkers are increasingly being used as an alternative to diagnose and monitor the progression of various diseases due to their ease of use, on site application, non-invasiveness, and most likely improved patient compliance. Here, we highlight the role of salivary biosensors in the general population, followed by the application of saliva as a diagnostic tool in the pediatric population. We searched the literature for pediatric applications of salivary biomarkers, more specifically, in children from 0 to 18 years old. The use of those biomarkers spans autoimmune, developmental disorders, oncology, neuropsychiatry, respiratory illnesses, gastrointestinal disorders, and oral diseases. Four major applications of salivary proteins as biomarkers are: (1) dental health (caries, stress from orthodontic appliances, and gingivitis); (2) gastrointestinal conditions (eosinophilic esophagitis, acid reflux, appendicitis); (3) metabolic conditions (obesity, diabetes); and (4) respiratory conditions (asthma, allergic rhinitis, small airway inflammation, pneumonia). Genomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics, are various other classifications for biosensing based on the type of biomarkers used and reviewed here. Lastly, we describe the recent advances in pediatric biosensing applications using saliva. This work guides scientists in fabricating saliva-based biosensors by comprehensively overviewing the potential markers and techniques that can be employed.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/2/206biosensorsbiomaterialsoral diagnosticspediatric populationsalivary diagnosticssalivary biomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Hayeon Min Sophie Zhu Lydia Safi Munzer Alkourdi Bich Hong Nguyen Akshaya Upadhyay Simon D. Tran Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics and the Status of Saliva-Based Biosensors Biosensors biosensors biomaterials oral diagnostics pediatric population salivary diagnostics salivary biomarkers |
| title | Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics and the Status of Saliva-Based Biosensors |
| title_full | Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics and the Status of Saliva-Based Biosensors |
| title_fullStr | Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics and the Status of Saliva-Based Biosensors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics and the Status of Saliva-Based Biosensors |
| title_short | Salivary Diagnostics in Pediatrics and the Status of Saliva-Based Biosensors |
| title_sort | salivary diagnostics in pediatrics and the status of saliva based biosensors |
| topic | biosensors biomaterials oral diagnostics pediatric population salivary diagnostics salivary biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/13/2/206 |
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