A Novel Acute Toxicity Bioassay and Field Trial to Evaluate Compounds for Small Hive Beetle Control
Beekeepers need new registered products to control the small hive beetle (SHB), <i>Aethina tumida</i>, a significant pest of western honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) colonies. Few approved chemical controls exist, and there is no standardized system for screening compounds a...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/19/9905 |
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| author | Kaylin Kleckner Alessandra De Carolis Cameron Jack Charles Stuhl Giovanni Formato James D. Ellis |
| author_facet | Kaylin Kleckner Alessandra De Carolis Cameron Jack Charles Stuhl Giovanni Formato James D. Ellis |
| author_sort | Kaylin Kleckner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Beekeepers need new registered products to control the small hive beetle (SHB), <i>Aethina tumida</i>, a significant pest of western honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) colonies. Few approved chemical controls exist, and there is no standardized system for screening compounds against SHBs. We outline a detailed method for an acute toxicity bioassay that delivers compounds via pollen. We provide a detailed method for a field trial that delivers treated pollen in traps made from modified compact disc cases. We applied both methods in proof-of-concept experiments to assess acetamiprid as a SHB control agent. Using the laboratory bioassay, we found acetamiprid (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>LC</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>50</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 20.5 µg/g) to be more toxic to SHBs than coumaphos was (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>LC</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>50</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 1250 µg/g), yet less toxic to SHBs than fipronil was (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>LC</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>50</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 1.78 µg/g). In our field trial, colonies treated with acetamiprid and fipronil significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.001) live SHB populations over those of control colonies. Traps containing acetamiprid retained significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.001) numbers of dead SHBs than did traps containing fipronil. We outline the first detailed methods to assess the toxicity of compounds delivered in pollen for adult SHB control. Our proof-of-concept experiments showed acetamiprid to be a promising control agent for SHBs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:01:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd9977a3ebd342349052538e2899f01c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:01:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cd9977a3ebd342349052538e2899f01c2023-11-23T19:47:42ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172022-10-011219990510.3390/app12199905A Novel Acute Toxicity Bioassay and Field Trial to Evaluate Compounds for Small Hive Beetle ControlKaylin Kleckner0Alessandra De Carolis1Cameron Jack2Charles Stuhl3Giovanni Formato4James D. Ellis5Honey Bee Research and Extension Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USAHoney Bee Research and Extension Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USAHoney Bee Research and Extension Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USACenter for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, USDA-ARS, Gainesville, FL 32608, USAApicoltura, Produzioni e Patologia Delle Api, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana, 00178 Rome, ItalyHoney Bee Research and Extension Laboratory, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USABeekeepers need new registered products to control the small hive beetle (SHB), <i>Aethina tumida</i>, a significant pest of western honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) colonies. Few approved chemical controls exist, and there is no standardized system for screening compounds against SHBs. We outline a detailed method for an acute toxicity bioassay that delivers compounds via pollen. We provide a detailed method for a field trial that delivers treated pollen in traps made from modified compact disc cases. We applied both methods in proof-of-concept experiments to assess acetamiprid as a SHB control agent. Using the laboratory bioassay, we found acetamiprid (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>LC</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>50</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 20.5 µg/g) to be more toxic to SHBs than coumaphos was (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>LC</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>50</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 1250 µg/g), yet less toxic to SHBs than fipronil was (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>LC</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>50</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> = 1.78 µg/g). In our field trial, colonies treated with acetamiprid and fipronil significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.001) live SHB populations over those of control colonies. Traps containing acetamiprid retained significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.001) numbers of dead SHBs than did traps containing fipronil. We outline the first detailed methods to assess the toxicity of compounds delivered in pollen for adult SHB control. Our proof-of-concept experiments showed acetamiprid to be a promising control agent for SHBs.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/19/9905<i>Apis mellifera</i><i>Aethina tumida</i>honey beefipronilacetamipridcoumaphos |
| spellingShingle | Kaylin Kleckner Alessandra De Carolis Cameron Jack Charles Stuhl Giovanni Formato James D. Ellis A Novel Acute Toxicity Bioassay and Field Trial to Evaluate Compounds for Small Hive Beetle Control Applied Sciences <i>Apis mellifera</i> <i>Aethina tumida</i> honey bee fipronil acetamiprid coumaphos |
| title | A Novel Acute Toxicity Bioassay and Field Trial to Evaluate Compounds for Small Hive Beetle Control |
| title_full | A Novel Acute Toxicity Bioassay and Field Trial to Evaluate Compounds for Small Hive Beetle Control |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Acute Toxicity Bioassay and Field Trial to Evaluate Compounds for Small Hive Beetle Control |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Acute Toxicity Bioassay and Field Trial to Evaluate Compounds for Small Hive Beetle Control |
| title_short | A Novel Acute Toxicity Bioassay and Field Trial to Evaluate Compounds for Small Hive Beetle Control |
| title_sort | novel acute toxicity bioassay and field trial to evaluate compounds for small hive beetle control |
| topic | <i>Apis mellifera</i> <i>Aethina tumida</i> honey bee fipronil acetamiprid coumaphos |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/19/9905 |
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