First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component Fraction
Bovine milk is a pillar of the human diet and plays a key role in the nutrition of infants. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are well-recognized highly stable organic compounds that are able to pollute ecosystems persistently and threaten both human and animal health. The study aimed to analyze the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/13/2449 |
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| author | Susanna Draghi Radmila Pavlovic Alberto Pellegrini Marco Fidani Federica Riva Gabriele Brecchia Stella Agradi Francesco Arioli Daniele Vigo Federica Di Cesare Giulio Curone |
| author_facet | Susanna Draghi Radmila Pavlovic Alberto Pellegrini Marco Fidani Federica Riva Gabriele Brecchia Stella Agradi Francesco Arioli Daniele Vigo Federica Di Cesare Giulio Curone |
| author_sort | Susanna Draghi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bovine milk is a pillar of the human diet and plays a key role in the nutrition of infants. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are well-recognized highly stable organic compounds that are able to pollute ecosystems persistently and threaten both human and animal health. The study aimed to analyze the distribution of 14 PFASs within the milk matrix by comparing their content in whole milk, and its skimmed and creamed fractions. Raw milk samples were individually collected from 23 healthy cows (10 primiparous and 13 multiparous) reared on a farm in Northern Italy not surrounded by known point sources of PFASs. Each sample was fractioned in whole, skim, and cream components to undergo PFAS analysis using liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry. All samples contained at least one PFAS, with perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) being the primary contaminant in all three fractions, followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). PFOS was shown to be significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) more concentrated in cream than in raw and skimmed milk. Multiparous cows showed a higher frequency of positive samples in all analyzed fractions. Further research is necessary to assess the risk of dairy diets and high-fat dairy products and to investigate the toxicological effects of PFASs on cattle, even in environments without known PFAS sources. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:42:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cd9ec54942bc4aa288775ea1b3ae87a9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:42:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-cd9ec54942bc4aa288775ea1b3ae87a92023-11-18T16:32:41ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-06-011213244910.3390/foods12132449First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component FractionSusanna Draghi0Radmila Pavlovic1Alberto Pellegrini2Marco Fidani3Federica Riva4Gabriele Brecchia5Stella Agradi6Francesco Arioli7Daniele Vigo8Federica Di Cesare9Giulio Curone10Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, ItalyUNIRELAB Srl, Via Gramsci 70, 20019 Settimo Milanese, ItalyUNIRELAB Srl, Via Gramsci 70, 20019 Settimo Milanese, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, ItalyBovine milk is a pillar of the human diet and plays a key role in the nutrition of infants. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are well-recognized highly stable organic compounds that are able to pollute ecosystems persistently and threaten both human and animal health. The study aimed to analyze the distribution of 14 PFASs within the milk matrix by comparing their content in whole milk, and its skimmed and creamed fractions. Raw milk samples were individually collected from 23 healthy cows (10 primiparous and 13 multiparous) reared on a farm in Northern Italy not surrounded by known point sources of PFASs. Each sample was fractioned in whole, skim, and cream components to undergo PFAS analysis using liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry. All samples contained at least one PFAS, with perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) being the primary contaminant in all three fractions, followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). PFOS was shown to be significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) more concentrated in cream than in raw and skimmed milk. Multiparous cows showed a higher frequency of positive samples in all analyzed fractions. Further research is necessary to assess the risk of dairy diets and high-fat dairy products and to investigate the toxicological effects of PFASs on cattle, even in environments without known PFAS sources.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/13/2449bovine milkPFASslactationmilk fractionsendocrine disruptorsenvironmental pollution |
| spellingShingle | Susanna Draghi Radmila Pavlovic Alberto Pellegrini Marco Fidani Federica Riva Gabriele Brecchia Stella Agradi Francesco Arioli Daniele Vigo Federica Di Cesare Giulio Curone First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component Fraction Foods bovine milk PFASs lactation milk fractions endocrine disruptors environmental pollution |
| title | First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component Fraction |
| title_full | First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component Fraction |
| title_fullStr | First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component Fraction |
| title_full_unstemmed | First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component Fraction |
| title_short | First Investigation of the Physiological Distribution of Legacy and Emerging Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Raw Bovine Milk According to the Component Fraction |
| title_sort | first investigation of the physiological distribution of legacy and emerging perfluoroalkyl substances in raw bovine milk according to the component fraction |
| topic | bovine milk PFASs lactation milk fractions endocrine disruptors environmental pollution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/13/2449 |
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