Setting up In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>/SAPO-34 Catalyst for Improving Olefin Production via Hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub>/CO Mixtures
The adequate configuration and the effect of the reduction was studied for the In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>/SAPO-34 catalyst with the aim of improving its performance (activity and selectivity in the pseudo-steady state) for the hydrogenation of CO,...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/7/1101 |
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| author | Ander Portillo Onintze Parra Andrés T. Aguayo Javier Ereña Javier Bilbao Ainara Ateka |
| author_facet | Ander Portillo Onintze Parra Andrés T. Aguayo Javier Ereña Javier Bilbao Ainara Ateka |
| author_sort | Ander Portillo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The adequate configuration and the effect of the reduction was studied for the In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>/SAPO-34 catalyst with the aim of improving its performance (activity and selectivity in the pseudo-steady state) for the hydrogenation of CO, CO<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>/CO (CO<sub>x</sub>) mixtures into olefins. The experiments were carried out in a packed bed reactor at 400 °C; 30 bar; a H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>x</sub> ratio of 3; CO<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>x</sub> ratios of 0, 0.5 and 1; a space time (referred to as In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalyst mass) of 3.35 g<sub>InZr</sub> h mol<sub>C</sub><sup>−1</sup>; and a time on stream up to 24 h. The mixture of individual catalyst particles, with an SAPO-34 to In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> mass ratio of 1/2, led to a better performance than hybrid catalysts prepared via pelletizing and better than the arrangement of individual catalysts in a dual bed. The deactivation of the catalyst using coke deposition and the remnant activity in the pseudo-steady state of the catalyst were dependent on the CO<sub>2</sub> content in the feed since the synergy of the capabilities of the SAPO-34 catalyst to form coke and of the In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalyst to hydrogenate its precursors were affected. The partial reduction of the In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>/SAPO-34 catalyst (corresponding to a superficial In<sup>0</sup>/In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ratio of 0.04) improved its performance over the untreated and fully reduced catalyst in the hydrogenation of CO to olefins, but barely affected CO<sub>2</sub>/CO mixtures’ hydrogenation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:13:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cdb3ea9ac72248a8973ecf6fae7483b7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:13:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-cdb3ea9ac72248a8973ecf6fae7483b72023-11-18T18:44:45ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442023-07-01137110110.3390/catal13071101Setting up In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>/SAPO-34 Catalyst for Improving Olefin Production via Hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub>/CO MixturesAnder Portillo0Onintze Parra1Andrés T. Aguayo2Javier Ereña3Javier Bilbao4Ainara Ateka5Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, SpainDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, SpainThe adequate configuration and the effect of the reduction was studied for the In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>/SAPO-34 catalyst with the aim of improving its performance (activity and selectivity in the pseudo-steady state) for the hydrogenation of CO, CO<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>/CO (CO<sub>x</sub>) mixtures into olefins. The experiments were carried out in a packed bed reactor at 400 °C; 30 bar; a H<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>x</sub> ratio of 3; CO<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>x</sub> ratios of 0, 0.5 and 1; a space time (referred to as In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalyst mass) of 3.35 g<sub>InZr</sub> h mol<sub>C</sub><sup>−1</sup>; and a time on stream up to 24 h. The mixture of individual catalyst particles, with an SAPO-34 to In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> mass ratio of 1/2, led to a better performance than hybrid catalysts prepared via pelletizing and better than the arrangement of individual catalysts in a dual bed. The deactivation of the catalyst using coke deposition and the remnant activity in the pseudo-steady state of the catalyst were dependent on the CO<sub>2</sub> content in the feed since the synergy of the capabilities of the SAPO-34 catalyst to form coke and of the In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> catalyst to hydrogenate its precursors were affected. The partial reduction of the In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>/SAPO-34 catalyst (corresponding to a superficial In<sup>0</sup>/In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ratio of 0.04) improved its performance over the untreated and fully reduced catalyst in the hydrogenation of CO to olefins, but barely affected CO<sub>2</sub>/CO mixtures’ hydrogenation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/7/1101CO<sub>2</sub>In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalystSAPO-34 catalystmethanol synthesisolefin synthesiscoke deactivation |
| spellingShingle | Ander Portillo Onintze Parra Andrés T. Aguayo Javier Ereña Javier Bilbao Ainara Ateka Setting up In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>/SAPO-34 Catalyst for Improving Olefin Production via Hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub>/CO Mixtures Catalysts CO<sub>2</sub> In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst SAPO-34 catalyst methanol synthesis olefin synthesis coke deactivation |
| title | Setting up In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>/SAPO-34 Catalyst for Improving Olefin Production via Hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub>/CO Mixtures |
| title_full | Setting up In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>/SAPO-34 Catalyst for Improving Olefin Production via Hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub>/CO Mixtures |
| title_fullStr | Setting up In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>/SAPO-34 Catalyst for Improving Olefin Production via Hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub>/CO Mixtures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Setting up In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>/SAPO-34 Catalyst for Improving Olefin Production via Hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub>/CO Mixtures |
| title_short | Setting up In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>/SAPO-34 Catalyst for Improving Olefin Production via Hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub>/CO Mixtures |
| title_sort | setting up in sub 2 sub o sub 3 sub zro sub 2 sub sapo 34 catalyst for improving olefin production via hydrogenation of co sub 2 sub co mixtures |
| topic | CO<sub>2</sub> In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst SAPO-34 catalyst methanol synthesis olefin synthesis coke deactivation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/13/7/1101 |
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