Progesterone: The Key Factor of the Beginning of Life
Progesterone is the ovarian steroid produced by the granulosa cells of follicles after the LH peak at mid-cycle. Its role is to sustain embryo endometrial implantation and ongoing pregnancy. Other biological effects of progesterone may exert a protective function in supporting pregnancy up to birth....
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/22/14138 |
| _version_ | 1797465125757648896 |
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| author | Carlo Bulletti Francesco Maria Bulletti Romualdo Sciorio Maurizio Guido |
| author_facet | Carlo Bulletti Francesco Maria Bulletti Romualdo Sciorio Maurizio Guido |
| author_sort | Carlo Bulletti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Progesterone is the ovarian steroid produced by the granulosa cells of follicles after the LH peak at mid-cycle. Its role is to sustain embryo endometrial implantation and ongoing pregnancy. Other biological effects of progesterone may exert a protective function in supporting pregnancy up to birth. Luteal phase support (LPS) with progesterone is the standard of care for assisted reproductive technology. Progesterone vaginal administration is currently the most widely used treatment for LPS. Physicians and patients have been reluctant to change an administration route that has proven to be effective. However, some questions remain open, namely the need for LPS in fresh and frozen embryo transfer, the route of administration, the optimal duration of LPS, dosage, and the benefit of combination therapies. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the uterine and extra-uterine effects of progesterone that may play a role in embryo implantation and pregnancy, and to discuss the advantages of the use of progesterone for LPS in the context of Good Medical Practice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:17:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cdc41b41d55d46fc87871b33188c1e29 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:17:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-cdc41b41d55d46fc87871b33188c1e292023-11-24T08:39:11ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-11-0123221413810.3390/ijms232214138Progesterone: The Key Factor of the Beginning of LifeCarlo Bulletti0Francesco Maria Bulletti1Romualdo Sciorio2Maurizio Guido3Extra Omnes, Assisted Reproductive Technology, ART Center, Via Gallinelli, 8, 47841 Cattolica, ItalyDepartment Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Vaud, 1011 Lausanne, SwitzerlandEdinburgh Assisted Conception Programme, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UKObstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, ItalyProgesterone is the ovarian steroid produced by the granulosa cells of follicles after the LH peak at mid-cycle. Its role is to sustain embryo endometrial implantation and ongoing pregnancy. Other biological effects of progesterone may exert a protective function in supporting pregnancy up to birth. Luteal phase support (LPS) with progesterone is the standard of care for assisted reproductive technology. Progesterone vaginal administration is currently the most widely used treatment for LPS. Physicians and patients have been reluctant to change an administration route that has proven to be effective. However, some questions remain open, namely the need for LPS in fresh and frozen embryo transfer, the route of administration, the optimal duration of LPS, dosage, and the benefit of combination therapies. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the uterine and extra-uterine effects of progesterone that may play a role in embryo implantation and pregnancy, and to discuss the advantages of the use of progesterone for LPS in the context of Good Medical Practice.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/22/14138progesteroneprogesterone supplementationluteal phase supportimplantation |
| spellingShingle | Carlo Bulletti Francesco Maria Bulletti Romualdo Sciorio Maurizio Guido Progesterone: The Key Factor of the Beginning of Life International Journal of Molecular Sciences progesterone progesterone supplementation luteal phase support implantation |
| title | Progesterone: The Key Factor of the Beginning of Life |
| title_full | Progesterone: The Key Factor of the Beginning of Life |
| title_fullStr | Progesterone: The Key Factor of the Beginning of Life |
| title_full_unstemmed | Progesterone: The Key Factor of the Beginning of Life |
| title_short | Progesterone: The Key Factor of the Beginning of Life |
| title_sort | progesterone the key factor of the beginning of life |
| topic | progesterone progesterone supplementation luteal phase support implantation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/22/14138 |
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