Antiviral, Antioxidant, and Antihemolytic Effect of <i>Annona muricata</i> L. Leaves Extracts
<i>Annona muricata</i> L. is a tropical tree that is used in traditional medicine around the world. The high content of flavonoid, alkaloid, acetogenin, phenolic and lipophilic compounds of this tropical tree forms the basis of its traditional medical uses. Our objective was to study sou...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/12/1650 |
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| author | Ana Paola Balderrama-Carmona Norma Patricia Silva-Beltrán Juan-Carlos Gálvez-Ruiz Saúl Ruíz-Cruz Cristóbal Chaidez-Quiroz Edgar Felipe Morán-Palacio |
| author_facet | Ana Paola Balderrama-Carmona Norma Patricia Silva-Beltrán Juan-Carlos Gálvez-Ruiz Saúl Ruíz-Cruz Cristóbal Chaidez-Quiroz Edgar Felipe Morán-Palacio |
| author_sort | Ana Paola Balderrama-Carmona |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Annona muricata</i> L. is a tropical tree that is used in traditional medicine around the world. The high content of flavonoid, alkaloid, acetogenin, phenolic and lipophilic compounds of this tropical tree forms the basis of its traditional medical uses. Our objective was to study soursop leaf extracts to support their use as antiviral therapies and investigate their protective effects against oxidative damage. The aqueous extract (AE) and acidified ethanolic extract (AEE) of soursop leaves were characterized by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and their effects on human erythrocytes and in vitro antioxidant capacity, as evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays, were investigated. The antiviral effects were evaluated using a bacteriophage surrogate. AEE showed the highest phenolic content, with rutin as the predominant compound. This extract showed higher values in the DPPH and ABTS assays, with 23.61 ± 0.42 and 24.91 ± 0.16 mmol of Trolox equivalent per gram, respectively. Inhibition of hemolysis was 34% and 51% for AE and AEE, respectively. AEE was selected for the antiviral study because of its higher antioxidant activity. The viral reduction ranged from 5–6 log10 plaque-forming units/volume (PFU) at contact times of 15–360 min. Soursop leaves have a positive effect on reducing oxidative stress in human erythrocytes and viral infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:33:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cdc46ce32d02422eb5ff0e7c099d1429 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:33:22Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-cdc46ce32d02422eb5ff0e7c099d14292023-11-20T22:25:52ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472020-11-01912165010.3390/plants9121650Antiviral, Antioxidant, and Antihemolytic Effect of <i>Annona muricata</i> L. Leaves ExtractsAna Paola Balderrama-Carmona0Norma Patricia Silva-Beltrán1Juan-Carlos Gálvez-Ruiz2Saúl Ruíz-Cruz3Cristóbal Chaidez-Quiroz4Edgar Felipe Morán-Palacio5Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Unidad Regional Sur, Navojoa, Sonora 85880, MexicoDepartamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Cajeme, Universidad de Sonora, Ejido Providencia, Cd, Obregón, Sonora 85050, MexicoDepartamento de Ciencias Químicas Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, MexicoDepartamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, Cajeme, Sonora 85000, MexicoCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria, Culiacán, Sinaloa 80110, MexicoDepartamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Unidad Regional Sur, Navojoa, Sonora 85880, Mexico<i>Annona muricata</i> L. is a tropical tree that is used in traditional medicine around the world. The high content of flavonoid, alkaloid, acetogenin, phenolic and lipophilic compounds of this tropical tree forms the basis of its traditional medical uses. Our objective was to study soursop leaf extracts to support their use as antiviral therapies and investigate their protective effects against oxidative damage. The aqueous extract (AE) and acidified ethanolic extract (AEE) of soursop leaves were characterized by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and their effects on human erythrocytes and in vitro antioxidant capacity, as evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays, were investigated. The antiviral effects were evaluated using a bacteriophage surrogate. AEE showed the highest phenolic content, with rutin as the predominant compound. This extract showed higher values in the DPPH and ABTS assays, with 23.61 ± 0.42 and 24.91 ± 0.16 mmol of Trolox equivalent per gram, respectively. Inhibition of hemolysis was 34% and 51% for AE and AEE, respectively. AEE was selected for the antiviral study because of its higher antioxidant activity. The viral reduction ranged from 5–6 log10 plaque-forming units/volume (PFU) at contact times of 15–360 min. Soursop leaves have a positive effect on reducing oxidative stress in human erythrocytes and viral infections.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/12/1650UPLCbacteriophagesantiviralantioxidant capacityrutinsoursop |
| spellingShingle | Ana Paola Balderrama-Carmona Norma Patricia Silva-Beltrán Juan-Carlos Gálvez-Ruiz Saúl Ruíz-Cruz Cristóbal Chaidez-Quiroz Edgar Felipe Morán-Palacio Antiviral, Antioxidant, and Antihemolytic Effect of <i>Annona muricata</i> L. Leaves Extracts Plants UPLC bacteriophages antiviral antioxidant capacity rutin soursop |
| title | Antiviral, Antioxidant, and Antihemolytic Effect of <i>Annona muricata</i> L. Leaves Extracts |
| title_full | Antiviral, Antioxidant, and Antihemolytic Effect of <i>Annona muricata</i> L. Leaves Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Antiviral, Antioxidant, and Antihemolytic Effect of <i>Annona muricata</i> L. Leaves Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antiviral, Antioxidant, and Antihemolytic Effect of <i>Annona muricata</i> L. Leaves Extracts |
| title_short | Antiviral, Antioxidant, and Antihemolytic Effect of <i>Annona muricata</i> L. Leaves Extracts |
| title_sort | antiviral antioxidant and antihemolytic effect of i annona muricata i l leaves extracts |
| topic | UPLC bacteriophages antiviral antioxidant capacity rutin soursop |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/12/1650 |
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