A Sentinel-2 Based Multi-Temporal Monitoring Framework for Wind and Bark Beetle Detection and Damage Mapping
The occurrence of extreme windstorms and increasing heat and drought events induced by climate change leads to severe damage and stress in coniferous forests, making trees more vulnerable to spruce bark beetle infestations. The combination of abiotic and biotic disturbances in forests can cause dras...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/6105 |
| _version_ | 1797462208122191872 |
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| author | Anna Candotti Michaela De Giglio Marco Dubbini Enrico Tomelleri |
| author_facet | Anna Candotti Michaela De Giglio Marco Dubbini Enrico Tomelleri |
| author_sort | Anna Candotti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The occurrence of extreme windstorms and increasing heat and drought events induced by climate change leads to severe damage and stress in coniferous forests, making trees more vulnerable to spruce bark beetle infestations. The combination of abiotic and biotic disturbances in forests can cause drastic environmental and economic losses. The first step to containing such damage is establishing a monitoring framework for the early detection of vulnerable plots and distinguishing the cause of forest damage at scales from the management unit to the region. To develop and evaluate the functionality of such a monitoring framework, we first selected an area of interest affected by windthrow damage and bark beetles at the border between Italy and Austria in the Friulian Dolomites, Carnic and Julian Alps and the Carinthian Gailtal. Secondly, we implemented a framework for time-series analysis with open-access Sentinel-2 data over four years (2017–2020) by quantifying single-band sensitivity to disturbances. Additionally, we enhanced the framework by deploying vegetation indices to monitor spectral changes and perform supervised image classification for change detection. A mean overall accuracy of 89% was achieved; thus, Sentinel-2 imagery proved to be suitable for distinguishing stressed stands, bark-beetle-attacked canopies and wind-felled patches. The advantages of our methodology are its large-scale applicability to monitoring forest health and forest-cover changes and its usability to support the development of forest management strategies for dealing with massive bark beetle outbreaks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:34:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cdc743bba66f4f5193ecc744bf34fe7c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:34:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-cdc743bba66f4f5193ecc744bf34fe7c2023-11-24T12:05:51ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-12-011423610510.3390/rs14236105A Sentinel-2 Based Multi-Temporal Monitoring Framework for Wind and Bark Beetle Detection and Damage MappingAnna Candotti0Michaela De Giglio1Marco Dubbini2Enrico Tomelleri3Department of History and Cultures (DiSCi)—Geography Section, University of Bologna, Via Guerrazzi 20, 40125 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of History and Cultures (DiSCi)—Geography Section, University of Bologna, Via Guerrazzi 20, 40125 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of History and Cultures (DiSCi)—Geography Section, University of Bologna, Via Guerrazzi 20, 40125 Bologna, ItalyFaculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, ItalyThe occurrence of extreme windstorms and increasing heat and drought events induced by climate change leads to severe damage and stress in coniferous forests, making trees more vulnerable to spruce bark beetle infestations. The combination of abiotic and biotic disturbances in forests can cause drastic environmental and economic losses. The first step to containing such damage is establishing a monitoring framework for the early detection of vulnerable plots and distinguishing the cause of forest damage at scales from the management unit to the region. To develop and evaluate the functionality of such a monitoring framework, we first selected an area of interest affected by windthrow damage and bark beetles at the border between Italy and Austria in the Friulian Dolomites, Carnic and Julian Alps and the Carinthian Gailtal. Secondly, we implemented a framework for time-series analysis with open-access Sentinel-2 data over four years (2017–2020) by quantifying single-band sensitivity to disturbances. Additionally, we enhanced the framework by deploying vegetation indices to monitor spectral changes and perform supervised image classification for change detection. A mean overall accuracy of 89% was achieved; thus, Sentinel-2 imagery proved to be suitable for distinguishing stressed stands, bark-beetle-attacked canopies and wind-felled patches. The advantages of our methodology are its large-scale applicability to monitoring forest health and forest-cover changes and its usability to support the development of forest management strategies for dealing with massive bark beetle outbreaks.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/6105forestsspruce bark beetlewindstormsdroughtremote sensingSentinel-2 |
| spellingShingle | Anna Candotti Michaela De Giglio Marco Dubbini Enrico Tomelleri A Sentinel-2 Based Multi-Temporal Monitoring Framework for Wind and Bark Beetle Detection and Damage Mapping Remote Sensing forests spruce bark beetle windstorms drought remote sensing Sentinel-2 |
| title | A Sentinel-2 Based Multi-Temporal Monitoring Framework for Wind and Bark Beetle Detection and Damage Mapping |
| title_full | A Sentinel-2 Based Multi-Temporal Monitoring Framework for Wind and Bark Beetle Detection and Damage Mapping |
| title_fullStr | A Sentinel-2 Based Multi-Temporal Monitoring Framework for Wind and Bark Beetle Detection and Damage Mapping |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Sentinel-2 Based Multi-Temporal Monitoring Framework for Wind and Bark Beetle Detection and Damage Mapping |
| title_short | A Sentinel-2 Based Multi-Temporal Monitoring Framework for Wind and Bark Beetle Detection and Damage Mapping |
| title_sort | sentinel 2 based multi temporal monitoring framework for wind and bark beetle detection and damage mapping |
| topic | forests spruce bark beetle windstorms drought remote sensing Sentinel-2 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/23/6105 |
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