BIC2, a Cryptochrome Function Inhibitor, Is Involved in the Regulation of ABA Responses in <i>Arabidopsis</i>
The plant hormone ABA (abscisic acid) is able to regulate plant responses to abiotic stresses via regulating the expression of ABA response genes. BIC1 (Blue-light Inhibitor of Cryptochromes 1) and BIC2 have been identified as the inhibitors of plant cryptochrome functions, and are involved in the r...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| author | Yating Wang Wei Wang Qiming Jia Hainan Tian Xutong Wang Yingying Li Saddam Hussain Hadia Hussain Tianya Wang Shucai Wang |
| author_facet | Yating Wang Wei Wang Qiming Jia Hainan Tian Xutong Wang Yingying Li Saddam Hussain Hadia Hussain Tianya Wang Shucai Wang |
| author_sort | Yating Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The plant hormone ABA (abscisic acid) is able to regulate plant responses to abiotic stresses via regulating the expression of ABA response genes. BIC1 (Blue-light Inhibitor of Cryptochromes 1) and BIC2 have been identified as the inhibitors of plant cryptochrome functions, and are involved in the regulation of plant development and metabolism in <i>Arabidopsis</i> . In this study, we report the identification of BIC2 as a regulator of ABA responses in <i>Arabidopsis</i> . RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction) results show that the expression level of <i>BIC1</i> remained largely unchanged, but that of <i>BIC2</i> increased significantly in response to ABA treatment. Transfection assays in <i>Arabidopsis</i> protoplasts show that both BIC1 and BIC2 were mainly localized in the nucleus, and were able to activate the expression of the co-transfected reporter gene. Results in seed germination and seedling greening assays show that ABA sensitivity was increased in the transgenic plants overexpressing <i>BIC2</i>, but increased slightly, if any, in the transgenic plants overexpressing <i>BIC1</i>. ABA sensitivity was also increased in the <i>bic2</i> single mutants in seedling greening assays, but no further increase was observed in the <i>bic1 bic2</i> double mutants. On the other hand, in root elongation assays, ABA sensitivity was decreased in the transgenic plants overexpressing <i>BIC2</i>, as well as the <i>bic2</i> single mutants, but no further decrease was observed in the <i>bic1 bic2</i> double mutants. By using qRT-PCR (quantitative RT-PCR), we further examined how BIC2 may regulate ABA responses in <i>Arabidopsis</i> , and found that inhibition of ABA on the expression of the ABA receptor genes <i>PYL4</i> (<i>PYR1-Like 4</i>) and <i>PYL5</i> were decreased, but promotion of ABA on the expression of the protein kinase gene <i>SnRK2.6</i> (<i>SNF1-Related Protein Kinases 2.6</i>) was enhanced in both the <i>bic1 bic2</i> double mutants and <i>35S:BIC2</i> overexpression transgenic plants. Taken together, our results suggest that BIC2 regulates ABA responses in <i>Arabidopsis</i> possibly by affecting the expression of ABA signaling key regulator genes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:00:04Z |
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| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cdca544398ff4acb9e4b55eb2c04f9ca2023-11-18T08:24:59ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-06-011211222010.3390/plants12112220BIC2, a Cryptochrome Function Inhibitor, Is Involved in the Regulation of ABA Responses in <i>Arabidopsis</i>Yating Wang0Wei Wang1Qiming Jia2Hainan Tian3Xutong Wang4Yingying Li5Saddam Hussain6Hadia Hussain7Tianya Wang8Shucai Wang9Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, ChinaLaboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, ChinaKey Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, ChinaLaboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, ChinaKey Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, ChinaKey Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, ChinaKey Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, ChinaKey Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, ChinaLaboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, ChinaThe plant hormone ABA (abscisic acid) is able to regulate plant responses to abiotic stresses via regulating the expression of ABA response genes. BIC1 (Blue-light Inhibitor of Cryptochromes 1) and BIC2 have been identified as the inhibitors of plant cryptochrome functions, and are involved in the regulation of plant development and metabolism in <i>Arabidopsis</i> . In this study, we report the identification of BIC2 as a regulator of ABA responses in <i>Arabidopsis</i> . RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction) results show that the expression level of <i>BIC1</i> remained largely unchanged, but that of <i>BIC2</i> increased significantly in response to ABA treatment. Transfection assays in <i>Arabidopsis</i> protoplasts show that both BIC1 and BIC2 were mainly localized in the nucleus, and were able to activate the expression of the co-transfected reporter gene. Results in seed germination and seedling greening assays show that ABA sensitivity was increased in the transgenic plants overexpressing <i>BIC2</i>, but increased slightly, if any, in the transgenic plants overexpressing <i>BIC1</i>. ABA sensitivity was also increased in the <i>bic2</i> single mutants in seedling greening assays, but no further increase was observed in the <i>bic1 bic2</i> double mutants. On the other hand, in root elongation assays, ABA sensitivity was decreased in the transgenic plants overexpressing <i>BIC2</i>, as well as the <i>bic2</i> single mutants, but no further decrease was observed in the <i>bic1 bic2</i> double mutants. By using qRT-PCR (quantitative RT-PCR), we further examined how BIC2 may regulate ABA responses in <i>Arabidopsis</i> , and found that inhibition of ABA on the expression of the ABA receptor genes <i>PYL4</i> (<i>PYR1-Like 4</i>) and <i>PYL5</i> were decreased, but promotion of ABA on the expression of the protein kinase gene <i>SnRK2.6</i> (<i>SNF1-Related Protein Kinases 2.6</i>) was enhanced in both the <i>bic1 bic2</i> double mutants and <i>35S:BIC2</i> overexpression transgenic plants. Taken together, our results suggest that BIC2 regulates ABA responses in <i>Arabidopsis</i> possibly by affecting the expression of ABA signaling key regulator genes.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/11/2220BIC2ABACRISPR/Cas9transcription factor<i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| spellingShingle | Yating Wang Wei Wang Qiming Jia Hainan Tian Xutong Wang Yingying Li Saddam Hussain Hadia Hussain Tianya Wang Shucai Wang BIC2, a Cryptochrome Function Inhibitor, Is Involved in the Regulation of ABA Responses in <i>Arabidopsis</i> Plants BIC2 ABA CRISPR/Cas9 transcription factor <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| title | BIC2, a Cryptochrome Function Inhibitor, Is Involved in the Regulation of ABA Responses in <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| title_full | BIC2, a Cryptochrome Function Inhibitor, Is Involved in the Regulation of ABA Responses in <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| title_fullStr | BIC2, a Cryptochrome Function Inhibitor, Is Involved in the Regulation of ABA Responses in <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | BIC2, a Cryptochrome Function Inhibitor, Is Involved in the Regulation of ABA Responses in <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| title_short | BIC2, a Cryptochrome Function Inhibitor, Is Involved in the Regulation of ABA Responses in <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| title_sort | bic2 a cryptochrome function inhibitor is involved in the regulation of aba responses in i arabidopsis i |
| topic | BIC2 ABA CRISPR/Cas9 transcription factor <i>Arabidopsis</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/11/2220 |
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