Achieving homogeneity in a high-Fe β-Ti alloy laser-printed from blended elemental powders
Blended Elemental powders are an emerging alternative to pre-alloyed powders in metal additive manufacturing due to the wider range of alloys producible with them and the cost savings from not developing novel feedstock. In this study, in situ alloying and concurrent microstructure evolution during...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Materials & Design |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127521006274 |
| _version_ | 1819003840772440064 |
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| author | Farheen F. Ahmed Samuel J. Clark Chu Lun Alex Leung Leigh Stanger Jon Willmott Sebastian Marussi Veijo Honkimaki Noel Haynes Hatem S. Zurob P.D. Lee A.B. Phillion |
| author_facet | Farheen F. Ahmed Samuel J. Clark Chu Lun Alex Leung Leigh Stanger Jon Willmott Sebastian Marussi Veijo Honkimaki Noel Haynes Hatem S. Zurob P.D. Lee A.B. Phillion |
| author_sort | Farheen F. Ahmed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Blended Elemental powders are an emerging alternative to pre-alloyed powders in metal additive manufacturing due to the wider range of alloys producible with them and the cost savings from not developing novel feedstock. In this study, in situ alloying and concurrent microstructure evolution during SLM are investigated by performing SLM on a BE Ti-185 powder while tracking the surface temperatures via Infra-red imaging and phase transforma- tion via synchrotron X-ray Diffraction. We then performed post-mortem electron microscopy (Backscatter Electron imaging, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Electron Backscatter Diffraction) to further gain insight into microstructure development. We show that although exothermic mixing aids the melting process, laser melting results only in a mixture of alloyed and unmixed regions. Full alloying and thus a consistent microstructure is only achieved through further thermal cycling in the heat-affected zone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T23:27:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cdcbf61ba4844b00892d42127730a6de |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0264-1275 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T23:27:24Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials & Design |
| spelling | doaj.art-cdcbf61ba4844b00892d42127730a6de2022-12-21T19:23:22ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752021-11-01210110072Achieving homogeneity in a high-Fe β-Ti alloy laser-printed from blended elemental powdersFarheen F. Ahmed0Samuel J. Clark1Chu Lun Alex Leung2Leigh Stanger3Jon Willmott4Sebastian Marussi5Veijo Honkimaki6Noel Haynes7Hatem S. Zurob8P.D. Lee9A.B. Phillion10Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, CanadaMechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England WC1E 7J3, United Kingdom; X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USAMechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England WC1E 7J3, United Kingdom; Research Complex at Harwell, RAL, Didcot OX11 0FA, United KingdomDepartment of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England S1 3JD, United KingdomDepartment of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England S1 3JD, United KingdomMechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England WC1E 7J3, United KingdomEuropean Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, FranceCollins Aerospace, 1400 South Service Road West, Oakville L6L 5Y7, CanadaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, CanadaMechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England WC1E 7J3, United Kingdom; Research Complex at Harwell, RAL, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom; Corresponding authors at: Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England WC1E 7J3, United Kingdom (P.D. Lee). Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, L8S 4L7 (A.B. Phillion)Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L8, Canada; Corresponding authors at: Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England WC1E 7J3, United Kingdom (P.D. Lee). Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, L8S 4L7 (A.B. Phillion)Blended Elemental powders are an emerging alternative to pre-alloyed powders in metal additive manufacturing due to the wider range of alloys producible with them and the cost savings from not developing novel feedstock. In this study, in situ alloying and concurrent microstructure evolution during SLM are investigated by performing SLM on a BE Ti-185 powder while tracking the surface temperatures via Infra-red imaging and phase transforma- tion via synchrotron X-ray Diffraction. We then performed post-mortem electron microscopy (Backscatter Electron imaging, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Electron Backscatter Diffraction) to further gain insight into microstructure development. We show that although exothermic mixing aids the melting process, laser melting results only in a mixture of alloyed and unmixed regions. Full alloying and thus a consistent microstructure is only achieved through further thermal cycling in the heat-affected zone.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127521006274 |
| spellingShingle | Farheen F. Ahmed Samuel J. Clark Chu Lun Alex Leung Leigh Stanger Jon Willmott Sebastian Marussi Veijo Honkimaki Noel Haynes Hatem S. Zurob P.D. Lee A.B. Phillion Achieving homogeneity in a high-Fe β-Ti alloy laser-printed from blended elemental powders Materials & Design |
| title | Achieving homogeneity in a high-Fe β-Ti alloy laser-printed from blended elemental powders |
| title_full | Achieving homogeneity in a high-Fe β-Ti alloy laser-printed from blended elemental powders |
| title_fullStr | Achieving homogeneity in a high-Fe β-Ti alloy laser-printed from blended elemental powders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Achieving homogeneity in a high-Fe β-Ti alloy laser-printed from blended elemental powders |
| title_short | Achieving homogeneity in a high-Fe β-Ti alloy laser-printed from blended elemental powders |
| title_sort | achieving homogeneity in a high fe β ti alloy laser printed from blended elemental powders |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127521006274 |
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