Pleiotropic functions of chordin gene causing drastic morphological changes in ornamental goldfish
Abstract Breeders and fanciers have established many peculiar morphological phenotypes in ornamental goldfish. Among them, the twin-tail and dorsal-finless phenotypes have particularly intrigued early and recent researchers, as equivalent morphologies are extremely rare in nature. These two mutated...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24444-7 |
| _version_ | 1811217665231945728 |
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| author | Hsiao-Chian Chen Chenyi Wang Ing-Jia Li Gembu Abe Kinya G. Ota |
| author_facet | Hsiao-Chian Chen Chenyi Wang Ing-Jia Li Gembu Abe Kinya G. Ota |
| author_sort | Hsiao-Chian Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Breeders and fanciers have established many peculiar morphological phenotypes in ornamental goldfish. Among them, the twin-tail and dorsal-finless phenotypes have particularly intrigued early and recent researchers, as equivalent morphologies are extremely rare in nature. These two mutated phenotypes appeared almost simultaneously within a short time frame and were fixed in several strains. However, little is known about how these two different mutations could have co-occurred during such a short time period. Here, we demonstrate that the chordin gene, a key factor in dorsal–ventral patterning, is responsible not only for the twin-tail phenotype but also for the dorsal-finless phenotype. Our F2 backcrossing and functional analyses revealed that the penetrance/expressivity of the dorsal-finless phenotype can be suppressed by the wild-type allele of chdS. Based on these findings, we propose that chdS wt may have masked the expression of the dorsal-finless phenotype, acting as a capacitor buffering gene to allow accumulation of genetic mutations. Once this gene lost its original function in the twin-tail goldfish lineages, the dorsal-finless phenotype could be highly expressed. Thus, this study experimentally demonstrates that the rapid genetic fixation of morphological mutations during a short domestication time period may be related to the robustness of embryonic developmental mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:58:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cdce133a20894af5b81c7cd880f7b616 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:58:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-cdce133a20894af5b81c7cd880f7b6162022-12-22T03:43:04ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-11-011211910.1038/s41598-022-24444-7Pleiotropic functions of chordin gene causing drastic morphological changes in ornamental goldfishHsiao-Chian Chen0Chenyi Wang1Ing-Jia Li2Gembu Abe3Kinya G. Ota4Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia SinicaLaboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia SinicaLaboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia SinicaDivision of Developmental Biology, Department of Functional Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori UniversityLaboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia SinicaAbstract Breeders and fanciers have established many peculiar morphological phenotypes in ornamental goldfish. Among them, the twin-tail and dorsal-finless phenotypes have particularly intrigued early and recent researchers, as equivalent morphologies are extremely rare in nature. These two mutated phenotypes appeared almost simultaneously within a short time frame and were fixed in several strains. However, little is known about how these two different mutations could have co-occurred during such a short time period. Here, we demonstrate that the chordin gene, a key factor in dorsal–ventral patterning, is responsible not only for the twin-tail phenotype but also for the dorsal-finless phenotype. Our F2 backcrossing and functional analyses revealed that the penetrance/expressivity of the dorsal-finless phenotype can be suppressed by the wild-type allele of chdS. Based on these findings, we propose that chdS wt may have masked the expression of the dorsal-finless phenotype, acting as a capacitor buffering gene to allow accumulation of genetic mutations. Once this gene lost its original function in the twin-tail goldfish lineages, the dorsal-finless phenotype could be highly expressed. Thus, this study experimentally demonstrates that the rapid genetic fixation of morphological mutations during a short domestication time period may be related to the robustness of embryonic developmental mechanisms.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24444-7 |
| spellingShingle | Hsiao-Chian Chen Chenyi Wang Ing-Jia Li Gembu Abe Kinya G. Ota Pleiotropic functions of chordin gene causing drastic morphological changes in ornamental goldfish Scientific Reports |
| title | Pleiotropic functions of chordin gene causing drastic morphological changes in ornamental goldfish |
| title_full | Pleiotropic functions of chordin gene causing drastic morphological changes in ornamental goldfish |
| title_fullStr | Pleiotropic functions of chordin gene causing drastic morphological changes in ornamental goldfish |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pleiotropic functions of chordin gene causing drastic morphological changes in ornamental goldfish |
| title_short | Pleiotropic functions of chordin gene causing drastic morphological changes in ornamental goldfish |
| title_sort | pleiotropic functions of chordin gene causing drastic morphological changes in ornamental goldfish |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24444-7 |
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