What Do Effective Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis Tell Us about the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Pathogenesis?
Multiple sclerosis is a potentially debilitating disease of the central nervous system. A concerted program of research by many centers around the world has consistently demonstrated the importance of the immune system in its pathogenesis. This knowledge has led to the formal testing of a number of...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2012-10-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/13/10/12665 |
| _version_ | 1811210190372995072 |
|---|---|
| author | Katherine A. Buzzard Simon A. Broadley Helmut Butzkueven |
| author_facet | Katherine A. Buzzard Simon A. Broadley Helmut Butzkueven |
| author_sort | Katherine A. Buzzard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Multiple sclerosis is a potentially debilitating disease of the central nervous system. A concerted program of research by many centers around the world has consistently demonstrated the importance of the immune system in its pathogenesis. This knowledge has led to the formal testing of a number of therapeutic agents in both animal models and humans. These clinical trials have shed yet further light on the pathogenesis of MS through their sometimes unexpected effects and by their differential effects in terms of impact on relapses, progression of the disease, paraclinical parameters (MRI) and the adverse events that are experienced. Here we review the currently approved medications for the commonest form of multiple sclerosis (relapsing-remitting) and the emerging therapies for which preliminary results from phase II/III clinical trials are available. A detailed analysis of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the efficacy of these medications in multiple sclerosis indicates that blockade or modulation of both T- and B-cell activation and migration pathways in the periphery or CNS can lead to amelioration of the disease. It is hoped that further therapeutic trials will better delineate the pathogenesis of MS, ultimately leading to even better treatments with fewer adverse effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T04:51:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cdcf41fdf5434defbfe068977a6f5af8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T04:51:44Z |
| publishDate | 2012-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-cdcf41fdf5434defbfe068977a6f5af82022-12-22T03:47:17ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672012-10-011310126651270910.3390/ijms131012665What Do Effective Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis Tell Us about the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Pathogenesis?Katherine A. BuzzardSimon A. BroadleyHelmut ButzkuevenMultiple sclerosis is a potentially debilitating disease of the central nervous system. A concerted program of research by many centers around the world has consistently demonstrated the importance of the immune system in its pathogenesis. This knowledge has led to the formal testing of a number of therapeutic agents in both animal models and humans. These clinical trials have shed yet further light on the pathogenesis of MS through their sometimes unexpected effects and by their differential effects in terms of impact on relapses, progression of the disease, paraclinical parameters (MRI) and the adverse events that are experienced. Here we review the currently approved medications for the commonest form of multiple sclerosis (relapsing-remitting) and the emerging therapies for which preliminary results from phase II/III clinical trials are available. A detailed analysis of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the efficacy of these medications in multiple sclerosis indicates that blockade or modulation of both T- and B-cell activation and migration pathways in the periphery or CNS can lead to amelioration of the disease. It is hoped that further therapeutic trials will better delineate the pathogenesis of MS, ultimately leading to even better treatments with fewer adverse effects.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/13/10/12665multiple sclerosistreatmentmechanism of actionimmunomodulation |
| spellingShingle | Katherine A. Buzzard Simon A. Broadley Helmut Butzkueven What Do Effective Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis Tell Us about the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Pathogenesis? International Journal of Molecular Sciences multiple sclerosis treatment mechanism of action immunomodulation |
| title | What Do Effective Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis Tell Us about the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Pathogenesis? |
| title_full | What Do Effective Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis Tell Us about the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Pathogenesis? |
| title_fullStr | What Do Effective Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis Tell Us about the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Pathogenesis? |
| title_full_unstemmed | What Do Effective Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis Tell Us about the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Pathogenesis? |
| title_short | What Do Effective Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis Tell Us about the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Pathogenesis? |
| title_sort | what do effective treatments for multiple sclerosis tell us about the molecular mechanisms involved in pathogenesis |
| topic | multiple sclerosis treatment mechanism of action immunomodulation |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/13/10/12665 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT katherineabuzzard whatdoeffectivetreatmentsformultiplesclerosistellusaboutthemolecularmechanismsinvolvedinpathogenesis AT simonabroadley whatdoeffectivetreatmentsformultiplesclerosistellusaboutthemolecularmechanismsinvolvedinpathogenesis AT helmutbutzkueven whatdoeffectivetreatmentsformultiplesclerosistellusaboutthemolecularmechanismsinvolvedinpathogenesis |