Regional economic development, household income, gender and hypertension: evidence from half a million Chinese
Abstract Background Hypertension may be influenced by multiple factors, including social and individual determinants. Regional and individual economic disparity in China is closely associated with such factors that may give rise to diverse health outcomes. This study examines the relationship betwee...
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BMC
2020-06-01
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Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-020-09002-y |
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author | Kun Tang Yu Zhang Hanyu Wang Shi Hui Tan Lin Bai Yuning Liu |
author_facet | Kun Tang Yu Zhang Hanyu Wang Shi Hui Tan Lin Bai Yuning Liu |
author_sort | Kun Tang |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Abstract Background Hypertension may be influenced by multiple factors, including social and individual determinants. Regional and individual economic disparity in China is closely associated with such factors that may give rise to diverse health outcomes. This study examines the relationship between regional economic development, household income, gender and hypertension prevalence in China. Methods This study utilized data from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB), a population-based study on half a million Chinese adults from 10 geographically distinct regions. Hypertension was identified by a measured systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg or receiving treatment. Regional economic development was inferred from GDP per capita at the time of the study. A logistic regression based method was used in calculating the prevalence of hypertension in different household income, regional economic development, and gender groups, adjusting for demographic, social-economic and lifestyle factors. Results The prevalence of hypertension was the lowest in the medium GDP per capita areas in both male (31.62, 95% CI: 31.26–31.98%) and female (22.85, 95% CI: 22.50–23.19%) as compared to that in the low GDP per capita regions (male: 32.75, 95% CI 32.41–33.08%; female: 32.12, 95% CI: 31.78–32.47%) and high GDP per capita areas (male: 39.74, 95% CI: 39.33–40.16%; female: 35.19, 95% CI: 34.74–35.65%). There was an inverse relationship between hypertension and household income in the low and high GDP areas and an U-shaped association in the medium GDP per capita areas. Higher hypertension prevalence was observed in males across all GDP per capita areas. The negative correlation between hypertension and household income (across all GDP per captia areas) was stronger in females than in males. Conclusions The present study underlined the important influence of regional economic development, household income and gender on hypertension. Interventions for hypertension prevention and management should take into consideration the influence of sex difference and socioeconomic disparities at both micro- and macro- levels, in addition to a person-centered approach. |
first_indexed | 2024-12-11T05:18:13Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-cdd547f7d62c47b6af4154070a7392b4 |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 1471-2458 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-12-11T05:18:13Z |
publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
publisher | BMC |
record_format | Article |
series | BMC Public Health |
spelling | doaj.art-cdd547f7d62c47b6af4154070a7392b42022-12-22T01:19:45ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582020-06-0120111210.1186/s12889-020-09002-yRegional economic development, household income, gender and hypertension: evidence from half a million ChineseKun Tang0Yu Zhang1Hanyu Wang2Shi Hui Tan3Lin Bai4Yuning Liu5Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua UniversitySchool of Health Humanities, Peking University Health Science CenterSchool of Health Humanities, Peking University Health Science CenterSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science CenterSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science CenterSchool of Public Health, Peking University Health Science CenterAbstract Background Hypertension may be influenced by multiple factors, including social and individual determinants. Regional and individual economic disparity in China is closely associated with such factors that may give rise to diverse health outcomes. This study examines the relationship between regional economic development, household income, gender and hypertension prevalence in China. Methods This study utilized data from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB), a population-based study on half a million Chinese adults from 10 geographically distinct regions. Hypertension was identified by a measured systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg or receiving treatment. Regional economic development was inferred from GDP per capita at the time of the study. A logistic regression based method was used in calculating the prevalence of hypertension in different household income, regional economic development, and gender groups, adjusting for demographic, social-economic and lifestyle factors. Results The prevalence of hypertension was the lowest in the medium GDP per capita areas in both male (31.62, 95% CI: 31.26–31.98%) and female (22.85, 95% CI: 22.50–23.19%) as compared to that in the low GDP per capita regions (male: 32.75, 95% CI 32.41–33.08%; female: 32.12, 95% CI: 31.78–32.47%) and high GDP per capita areas (male: 39.74, 95% CI: 39.33–40.16%; female: 35.19, 95% CI: 34.74–35.65%). There was an inverse relationship between hypertension and household income in the low and high GDP areas and an U-shaped association in the medium GDP per capita areas. Higher hypertension prevalence was observed in males across all GDP per capita areas. The negative correlation between hypertension and household income (across all GDP per captia areas) was stronger in females than in males. Conclusions The present study underlined the important influence of regional economic development, household income and gender on hypertension. Interventions for hypertension prevention and management should take into consideration the influence of sex difference and socioeconomic disparities at both micro- and macro- levels, in addition to a person-centered approach.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-020-09002-yRegional economic developmentPrevalence of hypertensionGender differencesHousehold incomeChina |
spellingShingle | Kun Tang Yu Zhang Hanyu Wang Shi Hui Tan Lin Bai Yuning Liu Regional economic development, household income, gender and hypertension: evidence from half a million Chinese BMC Public Health Regional economic development Prevalence of hypertension Gender differences Household income China |
title | Regional economic development, household income, gender and hypertension: evidence from half a million Chinese |
title_full | Regional economic development, household income, gender and hypertension: evidence from half a million Chinese |
title_fullStr | Regional economic development, household income, gender and hypertension: evidence from half a million Chinese |
title_full_unstemmed | Regional economic development, household income, gender and hypertension: evidence from half a million Chinese |
title_short | Regional economic development, household income, gender and hypertension: evidence from half a million Chinese |
title_sort | regional economic development household income gender and hypertension evidence from half a million chinese |
topic | Regional economic development Prevalence of hypertension Gender differences Household income China |
url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-020-09002-y |
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