Cost-Effective MAB Approaches for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Millimeter Wave Relaying
Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) relaying is suggested as a talented technology for extending the millimeter wave (mmWave) coverage. However, finding out the best RIS relay to maximize the achievable data rate is a too time-consuming process due to the beamforming training (BT) pro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2022-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9845409/ |
| _version_ | 1818503325690101760 |
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| author | Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed Sherief Hashima Kohei Hatano Mostafa M. Fouda |
| author_facet | Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed Sherief Hashima Kohei Hatano Mostafa M. Fouda |
| author_sort | Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) relaying is suggested as a talented technology for extending the millimeter wave (mmWave) coverage. However, finding out the best RIS relay to maximize the achievable data rate is a too time-consuming process due to the beamforming training (BT) procedure needed for adjusting the antenna phase shifts (PSs) of both the mmWave base station (BS) and the probed RIS relay. Thus, finding out the best RIS relay with the minimum BT time cost seems challenging. In this paper, a cost-effective online learning approach is proposed by means of the multi-armed bandit (MAB) hypothesis to address this problem. In this context, two MAB schemes with time-cost efficiency, MAB-CE1, and MAB-CE2, are proposed. In MAB-CE1, the BT time cost of selecting the RIS relay is included in the exploitation term of the MAB algorithm. However, in MAB-CE2, lower and upper confidence bounds (LCB, UCB) values of the expected RISs’ achievable spectral efficiencies are utilized to support the selection of the RIS relay characterized by the minimum BT time cost. Numerical analysis shows the superior performance of the proposed cost-effective MAB schemes for RIS mmWave relaying over other benchmarks in terms of BT time cost and the achievable throughput. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T21:22:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cdd87b4d3d9e43c2b8ab85d691b37569 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T21:22:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-cdd87b4d3d9e43c2b8ab85d691b375692022-12-22T01:33:05ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362022-01-0110816428165310.1109/ACCESS.2022.31953039845409Cost-Effective MAB Approaches for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Millimeter Wave RelayingEhab Mahmoud Mohamed0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-9711Sherief Hashima1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-7066Kohei Hatano2Mostafa M. Fouda3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1790-8640Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddwasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi ArabiaComputational Learning Theory Team, RIKEN-Advanced Intelligence Project, Fukuoka, JapanComputational Learning Theory Team, RIKEN-Advanced Intelligence Project, Fukuoka, JapanDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USARecently, reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) relaying is suggested as a talented technology for extending the millimeter wave (mmWave) coverage. However, finding out the best RIS relay to maximize the achievable data rate is a too time-consuming process due to the beamforming training (BT) procedure needed for adjusting the antenna phase shifts (PSs) of both the mmWave base station (BS) and the probed RIS relay. Thus, finding out the best RIS relay with the minimum BT time cost seems challenging. In this paper, a cost-effective online learning approach is proposed by means of the multi-armed bandit (MAB) hypothesis to address this problem. In this context, two MAB schemes with time-cost efficiency, MAB-CE1, and MAB-CE2, are proposed. In MAB-CE1, the BT time cost of selecting the RIS relay is included in the exploitation term of the MAB algorithm. However, in MAB-CE2, lower and upper confidence bounds (LCB, UCB) values of the expected RISs’ achievable spectral efficiencies are utilized to support the selection of the RIS relay characterized by the minimum BT time cost. Numerical analysis shows the superior performance of the proposed cost-effective MAB schemes for RIS mmWave relaying over other benchmarks in terms of BT time cost and the achievable throughput.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9845409/Millimeter wavereconfigurable intelligent surfacemulti-armed banditrelaying |
| spellingShingle | Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed Sherief Hashima Kohei Hatano Mostafa M. Fouda Cost-Effective MAB Approaches for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Millimeter Wave Relaying IEEE Access Millimeter wave reconfigurable intelligent surface multi-armed bandit relaying |
| title | Cost-Effective MAB Approaches for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Millimeter Wave Relaying |
| title_full | Cost-Effective MAB Approaches for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Millimeter Wave Relaying |
| title_fullStr | Cost-Effective MAB Approaches for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Millimeter Wave Relaying |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cost-Effective MAB Approaches for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Millimeter Wave Relaying |
| title_short | Cost-Effective MAB Approaches for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Millimeter Wave Relaying |
| title_sort | cost effective mab approaches for reconfigurable intelligent surface aided millimeter wave relaying |
| topic | Millimeter wave reconfigurable intelligent surface multi-armed bandit relaying |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9845409/ |
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