Effects of Propylene Glycol on Negative Energy Balance of Postpartum Dairy Cows
With the improvement in the intense genetic selection of dairy cows, advanced management strategies, and improved feed quality and disease control, milk production level has been greatly improved. However, the negative energy balance (NEB) is increasingly serious at the postpartum stage because the...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/9/1526 |
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| author | Fan Zhang Xuemei Nan Hui Wang Yiguang Zhao Yuming Guo Benhai Xiong |
| author_facet | Fan Zhang Xuemei Nan Hui Wang Yiguang Zhao Yuming Guo Benhai Xiong |
| author_sort | Fan Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the improvement in the intense genetic selection of dairy cows, advanced management strategies, and improved feed quality and disease control, milk production level has been greatly improved. However, the negative energy balance (NEB) is increasingly serious at the postpartum stage because the intake of nutrients cannot meet the demand of quickly improved milk production. The NEB leads to a large amount of body fat mobilization and consequently the elevated production of ketones, which causes metabolic diseases such as ketosis and fatty liver. The high milk production of dairy cows in early lactation aggravates NEB. The metabolic diseases lead to metabolic disorders, a decrease in reproductive performance, and lactation performance decline, seriously affecting the health and production of cows. Propylene glycol (PG) can alleviate NEB through gluconeogenesis and inhibit the synthesis of ketone bodies. In addition, PG improves milk yield, reproduction, and immune performance by improving plasma glucose and liver function in ketosis cows, and reduces milk fat percentage. However, a large dose of PG (above 500 g/d) has toxic and side effects in cows. The feeding method used was an oral drench. The combination of PG with some other additives can improve the effects in preventing ketosis. Overall, the present review summarizes the recent research progress in the impacts of NEB in dairy cows and the properties of PG in alleviating NEB and reducing the risk of ketosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:45:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cdddb3d6a86c48df834b9e2cbf716e3c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:45:15Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-cdddb3d6a86c48df834b9e2cbf716e3c2023-11-20T11:43:32ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-08-01109152610.3390/ani10091526Effects of Propylene Glycol on Negative Energy Balance of Postpartum Dairy CowsFan Zhang0Xuemei Nan1Hui Wang2Yiguang Zhao3Yuming Guo4Benhai Xiong5State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, ChinaWith the improvement in the intense genetic selection of dairy cows, advanced management strategies, and improved feed quality and disease control, milk production level has been greatly improved. However, the negative energy balance (NEB) is increasingly serious at the postpartum stage because the intake of nutrients cannot meet the demand of quickly improved milk production. The NEB leads to a large amount of body fat mobilization and consequently the elevated production of ketones, which causes metabolic diseases such as ketosis and fatty liver. The high milk production of dairy cows in early lactation aggravates NEB. The metabolic diseases lead to metabolic disorders, a decrease in reproductive performance, and lactation performance decline, seriously affecting the health and production of cows. Propylene glycol (PG) can alleviate NEB through gluconeogenesis and inhibit the synthesis of ketone bodies. In addition, PG improves milk yield, reproduction, and immune performance by improving plasma glucose and liver function in ketosis cows, and reduces milk fat percentage. However, a large dose of PG (above 500 g/d) has toxic and side effects in cows. The feeding method used was an oral drench. The combination of PG with some other additives can improve the effects in preventing ketosis. Overall, the present review summarizes the recent research progress in the impacts of NEB in dairy cows and the properties of PG in alleviating NEB and reducing the risk of ketosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/9/1526propylene glycoldairy cowspostpartumnegative energy balanceketosis |
| spellingShingle | Fan Zhang Xuemei Nan Hui Wang Yiguang Zhao Yuming Guo Benhai Xiong Effects of Propylene Glycol on Negative Energy Balance of Postpartum Dairy Cows Animals propylene glycol dairy cows postpartum negative energy balance ketosis |
| title | Effects of Propylene Glycol on Negative Energy Balance of Postpartum Dairy Cows |
| title_full | Effects of Propylene Glycol on Negative Energy Balance of Postpartum Dairy Cows |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Propylene Glycol on Negative Energy Balance of Postpartum Dairy Cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Propylene Glycol on Negative Energy Balance of Postpartum Dairy Cows |
| title_short | Effects of Propylene Glycol on Negative Energy Balance of Postpartum Dairy Cows |
| title_sort | effects of propylene glycol on negative energy balance of postpartum dairy cows |
| topic | propylene glycol dairy cows postpartum negative energy balance ketosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/9/1526 |
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