| Summary: | Among perovskite solar cells (PSCs), carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) are regarded as one of the best advantageous designs centered on a number of desirable characteristics, such as outstanding scalability, long-term stability, and cost-effectiveness. In these C-PSCs, titanium oxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) has usually been utilized as the electron transport layer (ETL) because of its simplicity in preparation and low cost. In these hole transport layer-free C-PSCs, the quality of ETLs is essential for the high performance of PSCs. In this paper, we used TiCl<sub>4</sub> post-treatment for the passivation of the titania layer (TiO<sub>2</sub>) to improve the quality of ETL. Consequently, after passivation, the charge recombination has been reduced, the efficiency increased from 3.15% to 4.16%, and resulted in a 32.06% improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE).
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