Song in a Social and Sexual Context: Vocalizations Signal Identity and Rank in Both Sexes of a Cooperative Breeder
In most songbirds, both sexes produce calls, or short vocalizations used to coordinate behaviors and maintain social cohesion. In contrast, songs are longer, more elaborate vocalizations typically only produced by males in behavioral contexts shaped by sexual selection operating through female choic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2016.00046/full |
| _version_ | 1797824062859247616 |
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| author | Sara Keen Sara Keen Sara Keen C. Daniel Meliza July A. Pilowsky July A. Pilowsky Dustin R. Rubenstein Dustin R. Rubenstein |
| author_facet | Sara Keen Sara Keen Sara Keen C. Daniel Meliza July A. Pilowsky July A. Pilowsky Dustin R. Rubenstein Dustin R. Rubenstein |
| author_sort | Sara Keen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In most songbirds, both sexes produce calls, or short vocalizations used to coordinate behaviors and maintain social cohesion. In contrast, songs are longer, more elaborate vocalizations typically only produced by males in behavioral contexts shaped by sexual selection operating through female choice. However, both males and females sing in many cooperatively breeding species, including the superb starling (Lamprotornis superbus). In this species, both sexes produce songs and calls composed of sequences of temporally discrete elements called motifs. Calls signal social group and individual identity, but the function of songs is currently unknown. Because superb starlings often sing in groups, song could be used not only in a sexual context, but also to signal identity and rank within the separate dominance hierarchies observed in males and females. To determine whether songs are used in mate attraction (sexually selected) and/or to influence social rank (socially selected), we compared song diversity with three potential indicators of fitness and dominance: social status, the number of seasons spent breeding, and age. We found that age is correlated with song diversity in both males and females, suggesting that (1) these signals serve similar purposes in both sexes, and (2) song diversity is likely the result of selection by both mutual mate choice and social competition. To test whether songs carry a signal of individuality, we applied spectrogram dynamic time warping to measure pairwise similarity among song motifs, and then calculated motif similarity within and between individuals. We found that motif similarity is higher within individuals than between individuals, suggesting that songs signal individual identity, which may help to establish social rank. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that superb starling vocal behavior in each sex is shaped by both social and sexual selection. Additionally, because call motifs are also used in songs, our data suggest that at least some vocal building blocks have evolved to convey multiple signaler traits and to facilitate complex social and sexual interactions in different contexts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:32:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cde4dfc747f44850a914877aad8d369e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-701X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T10:32:25Z |
| publishDate | 2016-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-cde4dfc747f44850a914877aad8d369e2023-05-18T14:25:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution2296-701X2016-05-01410.3389/fevo.2016.00046175303Song in a Social and Sexual Context: Vocalizations Signal Identity and Rank in Both Sexes of a Cooperative BreederSara Keen0Sara Keen1Sara Keen2C. Daniel Meliza3July A. Pilowsky4July A. Pilowsky5Dustin R. Rubenstein6Dustin R. Rubenstein7Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USABioacoustics Research Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY, USADepartment of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USADepartment of Psychology, University of VirginiaCharlottesville, VA, USADepartment of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USADepartment of Biology, Tufts UniversityMedford, MA, USADepartment of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USACenter for Integrative Animal Behavior, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USAIn most songbirds, both sexes produce calls, or short vocalizations used to coordinate behaviors and maintain social cohesion. In contrast, songs are longer, more elaborate vocalizations typically only produced by males in behavioral contexts shaped by sexual selection operating through female choice. However, both males and females sing in many cooperatively breeding species, including the superb starling (Lamprotornis superbus). In this species, both sexes produce songs and calls composed of sequences of temporally discrete elements called motifs. Calls signal social group and individual identity, but the function of songs is currently unknown. Because superb starlings often sing in groups, song could be used not only in a sexual context, but also to signal identity and rank within the separate dominance hierarchies observed in males and females. To determine whether songs are used in mate attraction (sexually selected) and/or to influence social rank (socially selected), we compared song diversity with three potential indicators of fitness and dominance: social status, the number of seasons spent breeding, and age. We found that age is correlated with song diversity in both males and females, suggesting that (1) these signals serve similar purposes in both sexes, and (2) song diversity is likely the result of selection by both mutual mate choice and social competition. To test whether songs carry a signal of individuality, we applied spectrogram dynamic time warping to measure pairwise similarity among song motifs, and then calculated motif similarity within and between individuals. We found that motif similarity is higher within individuals than between individuals, suggesting that songs signal individual identity, which may help to establish social rank. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that superb starling vocal behavior in each sex is shaped by both social and sexual selection. Additionally, because call motifs are also used in songs, our data suggest that at least some vocal building blocks have evolved to convey multiple signaler traits and to facilitate complex social and sexual interactions in different contexts.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2016.00046/fullfemale songsexual selectionsocial selectioncooperative breedingLamprotornis superbus |
| spellingShingle | Sara Keen Sara Keen Sara Keen C. Daniel Meliza July A. Pilowsky July A. Pilowsky Dustin R. Rubenstein Dustin R. Rubenstein Song in a Social and Sexual Context: Vocalizations Signal Identity and Rank in Both Sexes of a Cooperative Breeder Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution female song sexual selection social selection cooperative breeding Lamprotornis superbus |
| title | Song in a Social and Sexual Context: Vocalizations Signal Identity and Rank in Both Sexes of a Cooperative Breeder |
| title_full | Song in a Social and Sexual Context: Vocalizations Signal Identity and Rank in Both Sexes of a Cooperative Breeder |
| title_fullStr | Song in a Social and Sexual Context: Vocalizations Signal Identity and Rank in Both Sexes of a Cooperative Breeder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Song in a Social and Sexual Context: Vocalizations Signal Identity and Rank in Both Sexes of a Cooperative Breeder |
| title_short | Song in a Social and Sexual Context: Vocalizations Signal Identity and Rank in Both Sexes of a Cooperative Breeder |
| title_sort | song in a social and sexual context vocalizations signal identity and rank in both sexes of a cooperative breeder |
| topic | female song sexual selection social selection cooperative breeding Lamprotornis superbus |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2016.00046/full |
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