The Intersection of Serine Metabolism and Cellular Dysfunction in Retinal Degeneration
In the past, the importance of serine to pathologic or physiologic anomalies was inadequately addressed. Omics research has significantly advanced in the last two decades, and metabolomic data of various tissues has finally brought serine metabolism to the forefront of metabolic research, primarily...
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/3/674 |
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| author | Tirthankar Sinha Larissa Ikelle Muna I. Naash Muayyad R. Al-Ubaidi |
| author_facet | Tirthankar Sinha Larissa Ikelle Muna I. Naash Muayyad R. Al-Ubaidi |
| author_sort | Tirthankar Sinha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the past, the importance of serine to pathologic or physiologic anomalies was inadequately addressed. Omics research has significantly advanced in the last two decades, and metabolomic data of various tissues has finally brought serine metabolism to the forefront of metabolic research, primarily for its varied role throughout the central nervous system. The retina is one of the most complex neuronal tissues with a multitude of functions. Although recent studies have highlighted the importance of free serine and its derivatives to retinal homeostasis, currently few reviews exist that comprehensively analyze the topic. Here, we address this gap by emphasizing how and why the de novo production and demand for serine is exceptionally elevated in the retina. Many basic physiological functions of the retina require serine. Serine-derived sphingolipids and phosphatidylserine for phagocytosis by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neuronal crosstalk of the inner retina via D-serine require proper serine metabolism. Moreover, serine is involved in sphingolipid−ceramide balance for both the outer retina and the RPE and the reductive currency generation for the RPE via serine biosynthesis. Finally and perhaps the most vital part of serine metabolism is free radical scavenging in the entire retina via serine-derived scavengers like glycine and GSH. It is hard to imagine that a single tissue could have such a broad and extensive dependency on serine homeostasis. Any dysregulation in serine mechanisms can result in a wide spectrum of retinopathies. Therefore, most critically, this review provides a strong argument for the exploration of serine-based clinical interventions for retinal pathologies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T07:09:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cde951ff18ef40a39272fc006a930218 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T07:09:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-cde951ff18ef40a39272fc006a9302182023-09-02T23:12:37ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-03-019367410.3390/cells9030674cells9030674The Intersection of Serine Metabolism and Cellular Dysfunction in Retinal DegenerationTirthankar Sinha0Larissa Ikelle1Muna I. Naash2Muayyad R. Al-Ubaidi3Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USAIn the past, the importance of serine to pathologic or physiologic anomalies was inadequately addressed. Omics research has significantly advanced in the last two decades, and metabolomic data of various tissues has finally brought serine metabolism to the forefront of metabolic research, primarily for its varied role throughout the central nervous system. The retina is one of the most complex neuronal tissues with a multitude of functions. Although recent studies have highlighted the importance of free serine and its derivatives to retinal homeostasis, currently few reviews exist that comprehensively analyze the topic. Here, we address this gap by emphasizing how and why the de novo production and demand for serine is exceptionally elevated in the retina. Many basic physiological functions of the retina require serine. Serine-derived sphingolipids and phosphatidylserine for phagocytosis by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neuronal crosstalk of the inner retina via D-serine require proper serine metabolism. Moreover, serine is involved in sphingolipid−ceramide balance for both the outer retina and the RPE and the reductive currency generation for the RPE via serine biosynthesis. Finally and perhaps the most vital part of serine metabolism is free radical scavenging in the entire retina via serine-derived scavengers like glycine and GSH. It is hard to imagine that a single tissue could have such a broad and extensive dependency on serine homeostasis. Any dysregulation in serine mechanisms can result in a wide spectrum of retinopathies. Therefore, most critically, this review provides a strong argument for the exploration of serine-based clinical interventions for retinal pathologies.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/3/674serineretinal degenerationdiabetic retinopathymacular degenerationmacular telangiectasiaoxidative stresssphingolipidsretinarpemüller cells |
| spellingShingle | Tirthankar Sinha Larissa Ikelle Muna I. Naash Muayyad R. Al-Ubaidi The Intersection of Serine Metabolism and Cellular Dysfunction in Retinal Degeneration Cells serine retinal degeneration diabetic retinopathy macular degeneration macular telangiectasia oxidative stress sphingolipids retina rpe müller cells |
| title | The Intersection of Serine Metabolism and Cellular Dysfunction in Retinal Degeneration |
| title_full | The Intersection of Serine Metabolism and Cellular Dysfunction in Retinal Degeneration |
| title_fullStr | The Intersection of Serine Metabolism and Cellular Dysfunction in Retinal Degeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Intersection of Serine Metabolism and Cellular Dysfunction in Retinal Degeneration |
| title_short | The Intersection of Serine Metabolism and Cellular Dysfunction in Retinal Degeneration |
| title_sort | intersection of serine metabolism and cellular dysfunction in retinal degeneration |
| topic | serine retinal degeneration diabetic retinopathy macular degeneration macular telangiectasia oxidative stress sphingolipids retina rpe müller cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/3/674 |
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