Wormholes and the thermodynamic arrow of time
In classical thermodynamics, heat cannot spontaneously pass from a colder system to a hotter system, which is called the thermodynamic arrow of time. However, if the initial states are entangled, the direction of the thermodynamic arrow of time may not be guaranteed. Here we take the thermofield dou...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Physical Society
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Physical Review Research |
| Online Access: | http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.043095 |
| _version_ | 1797211231409405952 |
|---|---|
| author | Zhuo-Yu Xian Long Zhao |
| author_facet | Zhuo-Yu Xian Long Zhao |
| author_sort | Zhuo-Yu Xian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In classical thermodynamics, heat cannot spontaneously pass from a colder system to a hotter system, which is called the thermodynamic arrow of time. However, if the initial states are entangled, the direction of the thermodynamic arrow of time may not be guaranteed. Here we take the thermofield double state at 0+1 dimension as the initial state and assume its gravity duality to be the eternal black hole in AdS_{2} space. We make the temperature difference between the two sides by changing the Hamiltonian. We turn on proper interactions between the two sides and calculate the changes in energy and entropy. The energy transfer, as well as the thermodynamic arrow of time, are mainly determined by the competition between two channels: thermal diffusion and anomalous heat flow. The former is not related to the wormhole and obeys the thermodynamic arrow of time; the latter is related to the wormhole and reverses the thermodynamic arrow of time, i.e., transferring energy from the colder side to the hotter side at the cost of entanglement consumption. Finally, we find that the thermal diffusion wins the competition, and the whole thermodynamic arrow of time has not been reversed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:23:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cded8a1bf5bd40deabb03f4ed993577c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2643-1564 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:23:12Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | American Physical Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Physical Review Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-cded8a1bf5bd40deabb03f4ed993577c2024-04-12T17:02:36ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review Research2643-15642020-10-012404309510.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.043095Wormholes and the thermodynamic arrow of timeZhuo-Yu XianLong ZhaoIn classical thermodynamics, heat cannot spontaneously pass from a colder system to a hotter system, which is called the thermodynamic arrow of time. However, if the initial states are entangled, the direction of the thermodynamic arrow of time may not be guaranteed. Here we take the thermofield double state at 0+1 dimension as the initial state and assume its gravity duality to be the eternal black hole in AdS_{2} space. We make the temperature difference between the two sides by changing the Hamiltonian. We turn on proper interactions between the two sides and calculate the changes in energy and entropy. The energy transfer, as well as the thermodynamic arrow of time, are mainly determined by the competition between two channels: thermal diffusion and anomalous heat flow. The former is not related to the wormhole and obeys the thermodynamic arrow of time; the latter is related to the wormhole and reverses the thermodynamic arrow of time, i.e., transferring energy from the colder side to the hotter side at the cost of entanglement consumption. Finally, we find that the thermal diffusion wins the competition, and the whole thermodynamic arrow of time has not been reversed.http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.043095 |
| spellingShingle | Zhuo-Yu Xian Long Zhao Wormholes and the thermodynamic arrow of time Physical Review Research |
| title | Wormholes and the thermodynamic arrow of time |
| title_full | Wormholes and the thermodynamic arrow of time |
| title_fullStr | Wormholes and the thermodynamic arrow of time |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wormholes and the thermodynamic arrow of time |
| title_short | Wormholes and the thermodynamic arrow of time |
| title_sort | wormholes and the thermodynamic arrow of time |
| url | http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.043095 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhuoyuxian wormholesandthethermodynamicarrowoftime AT longzhao wormholesandthethermodynamicarrowoftime |