Ultrasonic (US)-Assisted Electrocoagulation (EC) Process for Oil and Grease (O&G) Removal from Restaurant Wastewater
Restaurant wastewater contains a high concentration of O&G, up to 3434 mg/L. This study aims to (a) assess the efficiency of EC combined with US methods for O&G removal in restaurant wastewater, (b) identify the optimum condition for COD degradation using EC treatment via response surface me...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| author | Shefaa Omar Abu Nassar Mohd Suffian Yusoff Herni Halim Nurul Hana Mokhtar Kamal Mohammed J. K. Bashir Teh Sabariah Binti Abd Manan Hamidi Abdul Aziz Amin Mojiri |
| author_facet | Shefaa Omar Abu Nassar Mohd Suffian Yusoff Herni Halim Nurul Hana Mokhtar Kamal Mohammed J. K. Bashir Teh Sabariah Binti Abd Manan Hamidi Abdul Aziz Amin Mojiri |
| author_sort | Shefaa Omar Abu Nassar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Restaurant wastewater contains a high concentration of O&G, up to 3434 mg/L. This study aims to (a) assess the efficiency of EC combined with US methods for O&G removal in restaurant wastewater, (b) identify the optimum condition for COD degradation using EC treatment via response surface methodology (RSM), and (c) determine the morphological surface of the aluminium (Al) electrode before and after EC treatment. The wastewater samples were collected from the Lembaran cafeteria at the Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). The efficiency of EC, US, and US-EC, combined methods for O&G removal, was investigated using a batch reactor (pH 7). The interelectrode distance (ID, 2–6 cm), electrolysis time (T, 15–35 min), and current density (CD, 40–80 A/m<sup>2</sup>) were analysed, followed by RSM. The response variables were O&G (1000 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (COD low range, 1000 mg/L). The central composite design (CCD) with a quadratic model was used to appraise the effects and interactions of these parameters. The morphological surface of the electrode used was observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimum removal efficiencies obtained were 95.4% (O&G) and 75.9% (COD) (ID: 2.4 cm, T: 30.5 min, and CD: 53.2 A/m<sup>2</sup>). The regression line fitted the data (R<sup>2</sup> O&G: 0.9838, and R<sup>2</sup> COD: 0.9558). The SEM images revealed that the use of US was useful in minimising cavitation on the electrode surface, which could lower the EC treatment efficacy. The US-EC combined technique is highly recommended for O&G removal from the food industry’s wastewater. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:15:22Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cdeecf7395674a659069758b757a00c92023-12-01T00:33:01ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392023-01-011016110.3390/separations10010061Ultrasonic (US)-Assisted Electrocoagulation (EC) Process for Oil and Grease (O&G) Removal from Restaurant WastewaterShefaa Omar Abu Nassar0Mohd Suffian Yusoff1Herni Halim2Nurul Hana Mokhtar Kamal3Mohammed J. K. Bashir4Teh Sabariah Binti Abd Manan5Hamidi Abdul Aziz6Amin Mojiri7School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, MalaysiaSchool of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, MalaysiaSchool of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, MalaysiaSchool of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, MalaysiaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, MalaysiaSchool of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, MalaysiaSchool of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, JapanRestaurant wastewater contains a high concentration of O&G, up to 3434 mg/L. This study aims to (a) assess the efficiency of EC combined with US methods for O&G removal in restaurant wastewater, (b) identify the optimum condition for COD degradation using EC treatment via response surface methodology (RSM), and (c) determine the morphological surface of the aluminium (Al) electrode before and after EC treatment. The wastewater samples were collected from the Lembaran cafeteria at the Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). The efficiency of EC, US, and US-EC, combined methods for O&G removal, was investigated using a batch reactor (pH 7). The interelectrode distance (ID, 2–6 cm), electrolysis time (T, 15–35 min), and current density (CD, 40–80 A/m<sup>2</sup>) were analysed, followed by RSM. The response variables were O&G (1000 mg/L) and chemical oxygen demand (COD low range, 1000 mg/L). The central composite design (CCD) with a quadratic model was used to appraise the effects and interactions of these parameters. The morphological surface of the electrode used was observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimum removal efficiencies obtained were 95.4% (O&G) and 75.9% (COD) (ID: 2.4 cm, T: 30.5 min, and CD: 53.2 A/m<sup>2</sup>). The regression line fitted the data (R<sup>2</sup> O&G: 0.9838, and R<sup>2</sup> COD: 0.9558). The SEM images revealed that the use of US was useful in minimising cavitation on the electrode surface, which could lower the EC treatment efficacy. The US-EC combined technique is highly recommended for O&G removal from the food industry’s wastewater.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/1/61restaurant wastewateroil and greaseelectrocoagulationultrasoundpassive filmresponse surface methodology |
| spellingShingle | Shefaa Omar Abu Nassar Mohd Suffian Yusoff Herni Halim Nurul Hana Mokhtar Kamal Mohammed J. K. Bashir Teh Sabariah Binti Abd Manan Hamidi Abdul Aziz Amin Mojiri Ultrasonic (US)-Assisted Electrocoagulation (EC) Process for Oil and Grease (O&G) Removal from Restaurant Wastewater Separations restaurant wastewater oil and grease electrocoagulation ultrasound passive film response surface methodology |
| title | Ultrasonic (US)-Assisted Electrocoagulation (EC) Process for Oil and Grease (O&G) Removal from Restaurant Wastewater |
| title_full | Ultrasonic (US)-Assisted Electrocoagulation (EC) Process for Oil and Grease (O&G) Removal from Restaurant Wastewater |
| title_fullStr | Ultrasonic (US)-Assisted Electrocoagulation (EC) Process for Oil and Grease (O&G) Removal from Restaurant Wastewater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultrasonic (US)-Assisted Electrocoagulation (EC) Process for Oil and Grease (O&G) Removal from Restaurant Wastewater |
| title_short | Ultrasonic (US)-Assisted Electrocoagulation (EC) Process for Oil and Grease (O&G) Removal from Restaurant Wastewater |
| title_sort | ultrasonic us assisted electrocoagulation ec process for oil and grease o g removal from restaurant wastewater |
| topic | restaurant wastewater oil and grease electrocoagulation ultrasound passive film response surface methodology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/10/1/61 |
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