Physiological Regulation of Photosynthetic-Related Indices, Antioxidant Defense, and Proline Anabolism on Drought Tolerance of Wild Soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i> L.)
Wild soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i> L.), drought-tolerant cultivar <i>Tiefeng 31</i> (<i>Glycine max</i> L.), and drought-sensitive cultivar <i>Fendou 93</i> (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) were used as materials to investigate the drought tolerance...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/6/880 |
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| author | Song Lin Weimei Zhang Guifeng Wang Yunxiang Hu Xuanbo Zhong Guixiang Tang |
| author_facet | Song Lin Weimei Zhang Guifeng Wang Yunxiang Hu Xuanbo Zhong Guixiang Tang |
| author_sort | Song Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wild soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i> L.), drought-tolerant cultivar <i>Tiefeng 31</i> (<i>Glycine max</i> L.), and drought-sensitive cultivar <i>Fendou 93</i> (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) were used as materials to investigate the drought tolerance mechanism after 72 h 2.5 M PEG 8000 (osmotic potential −0.54 MPa)-simulated drought stress at the seedling stage. The results indicated that the leaves of the <i>G. soja</i> did not wilt under drought stress. However, both the drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivated soybean cultivars experienced varying degrees of leaf wilt. Notably, the drought-sensitive cultivated soybean cultivars exhibited severe leaf wilt after the drought stress. Drought stress was determined to have a significant impact on the dry matter of the above-ground part of the drought-sensitive cultivar <i>Fendou 93</i>, followed by the drought-tolerant cultivar <i>Tiefeng 31</i>, with the lowest reduction observed in <i>G. soja</i>. Furthermore, the presence of drought stress resulted in the closure of leaf stomata. <i>G. soja</i> exhibited the highest proportion of stomatal opening per unit area, followed by the drought-tolerant cultivar <i>Tiefeng 31</i>, while the drought-sensitive cultivar <i>Fendou 93</i> displayed the lowest percentage. Photosynthesis-related indexes, including photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO<sub>2</sub>, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance, decreased in <i>Fendou 93</i> and <i>Tiefeng 31</i> after drought stress, but increased in <i>G. soja</i>. In terms of the antioxidant scavenging system, lower accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in <i>G. soja</i> and <i>Tiefeng 31</i>, along with higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) to counteract excess reactive oxygen species and maintain cell membrane integrity. In contrast, the drought-sensitive cultivar <i>Fendou 93</i> had higher MDA content and higher activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and peroxidase (POD, 1.11.1.7). <i>G. soja</i> and <i>Tiefeng 31</i> also exhibited less accumulation of osmolytes, including soluble sugar, soluble protein, and free proline content. The activities of δ-OAT, ProDH, and P5CS, key enzymes in proline anabolism, showed an initial increase under drought stress, followed by a decrease, and then an increase again at the end of drought stress in <i>G. soja</i>. Before drought stress, <i>Tiefeng 31</i> had higher activities of ProDH and P5CS, which decreased with prolonged drought stress. <i>Fendou 93</i> experienced an increase in the activities of δ-OAT, ProDH, and P5CS under drought stress. The <i>δ-OAT</i> gene expression levels were up-regulated in all three germplasms. The expression levels of the <i>P5CS</i> gene in <i>Fendou 93</i> and <i>Tiefeng 31</i> were down-regulated, while <i>G. soja</i> showed no significant change. The expression of the <i>P5CR</i> gene and <i>ProDH</i> gene was down-regulated in <i>Fendou 93</i> and <i>Tiefeng 31</i>, but up-regulated in <i>G. soja</i>. This indicates that proline content is regulated at both the transcription and translation levels. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:54:10Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:54:10Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cdf0da246959452295df514e7cc5f5f62024-03-27T14:00:56ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-03-0113688010.3390/plants13060880Physiological Regulation of Photosynthetic-Related Indices, Antioxidant Defense, and Proline Anabolism on Drought Tolerance of Wild Soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i> L.)Song Lin0Weimei Zhang1Guifeng Wang2Yunxiang Hu3Xuanbo Zhong4Guixiang Tang5Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaLishui Institute of Agriculture and Forest Science, Lishui 323000, ChinaBureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang 222001, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaWild soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i> L.), drought-tolerant cultivar <i>Tiefeng 31</i> (<i>Glycine max</i> L.), and drought-sensitive cultivar <i>Fendou 93</i> (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) were used as materials to investigate the drought tolerance mechanism after 72 h 2.5 M PEG 8000 (osmotic potential −0.54 MPa)-simulated drought stress at the seedling stage. The results indicated that the leaves of the <i>G. soja</i> did not wilt under drought stress. However, both the drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivated soybean cultivars experienced varying degrees of leaf wilt. Notably, the drought-sensitive cultivated soybean cultivars exhibited severe leaf wilt after the drought stress. Drought stress was determined to have a significant impact on the dry matter of the above-ground part of the drought-sensitive cultivar <i>Fendou 93</i>, followed by the drought-tolerant cultivar <i>Tiefeng 31</i>, with the lowest reduction observed in <i>G. soja</i>. Furthermore, the presence of drought stress resulted in the closure of leaf stomata. <i>G. soja</i> exhibited the highest proportion of stomatal opening per unit area, followed by the drought-tolerant cultivar <i>Tiefeng 31</i>, while the drought-sensitive cultivar <i>Fendou 93</i> displayed the lowest percentage. Photosynthesis-related indexes, including photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO<sub>2</sub>, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance, decreased in <i>Fendou 93</i> and <i>Tiefeng 31</i> after drought stress, but increased in <i>G. soja</i>. In terms of the antioxidant scavenging system, lower accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in <i>G. soja</i> and <i>Tiefeng 31</i>, along with higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) to counteract excess reactive oxygen species and maintain cell membrane integrity. In contrast, the drought-sensitive cultivar <i>Fendou 93</i> had higher MDA content and higher activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and peroxidase (POD, 1.11.1.7). <i>G. soja</i> and <i>Tiefeng 31</i> also exhibited less accumulation of osmolytes, including soluble sugar, soluble protein, and free proline content. The activities of δ-OAT, ProDH, and P5CS, key enzymes in proline anabolism, showed an initial increase under drought stress, followed by a decrease, and then an increase again at the end of drought stress in <i>G. soja</i>. Before drought stress, <i>Tiefeng 31</i> had higher activities of ProDH and P5CS, which decreased with prolonged drought stress. <i>Fendou 93</i> experienced an increase in the activities of δ-OAT, ProDH, and P5CS under drought stress. The <i>δ-OAT</i> gene expression levels were up-regulated in all three germplasms. The expression levels of the <i>P5CS</i> gene in <i>Fendou 93</i> and <i>Tiefeng 31</i> were down-regulated, while <i>G. soja</i> showed no significant change. The expression of the <i>P5CR</i> gene and <i>ProDH</i> gene was down-regulated in <i>Fendou 93</i> and <i>Tiefeng 31</i>, but up-regulated in <i>G. soja</i>. This indicates that proline content is regulated at both the transcription and translation levels.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/6/880wild soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i> L.)drought-tolerant and sensitive cultivarsPEG-simulated drought stressphysiological mechanism |
| spellingShingle | Song Lin Weimei Zhang Guifeng Wang Yunxiang Hu Xuanbo Zhong Guixiang Tang Physiological Regulation of Photosynthetic-Related Indices, Antioxidant Defense, and Proline Anabolism on Drought Tolerance of Wild Soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i> L.) Plants wild soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i> L.) drought-tolerant and sensitive cultivars PEG-simulated drought stress physiological mechanism |
| title | Physiological Regulation of Photosynthetic-Related Indices, Antioxidant Defense, and Proline Anabolism on Drought Tolerance of Wild Soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i> L.) |
| title_full | Physiological Regulation of Photosynthetic-Related Indices, Antioxidant Defense, and Proline Anabolism on Drought Tolerance of Wild Soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | Physiological Regulation of Photosynthetic-Related Indices, Antioxidant Defense, and Proline Anabolism on Drought Tolerance of Wild Soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiological Regulation of Photosynthetic-Related Indices, Antioxidant Defense, and Proline Anabolism on Drought Tolerance of Wild Soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i> L.) |
| title_short | Physiological Regulation of Photosynthetic-Related Indices, Antioxidant Defense, and Proline Anabolism on Drought Tolerance of Wild Soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i> L.) |
| title_sort | physiological regulation of photosynthetic related indices antioxidant defense and proline anabolism on drought tolerance of wild soybean i glycine soja i l |
| topic | wild soybean (<i>Glycine soja</i> L.) drought-tolerant and sensitive cultivars PEG-simulated drought stress physiological mechanism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/6/880 |
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