Distributed Urban Platooning towards High Flexibility, Adaptability, and Stability
Vehicle platooning reduces the safety distance between vehicles and the travel time of vehicles so that it leads to an increase in road capacity and to saving fuel consumption. In Europe, many projects for vehicle platooning are being actively developed, but mostly focus on truck platooning on the h...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-04-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2684 |
| _version_ | 1797538152046395392 |
|---|---|
| author | Sangsoo Jeong Youngmi Baek Sang H. Son |
| author_facet | Sangsoo Jeong Youngmi Baek Sang H. Son |
| author_sort | Sangsoo Jeong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vehicle platooning reduces the safety distance between vehicles and the travel time of vehicles so that it leads to an increase in road capacity and to saving fuel consumption. In Europe, many projects for vehicle platooning are being actively developed, but mostly focus on truck platooning on the highway with a simpler topology than that of the urban road. When an existing vehicle platoon is applied to urban roads, many challenges are more complicated to address than highways. They include complex topology, various routes, traffic signals, intersections, frequent lane change, and communication interference depending on a higher vehicle density. To address these challenges, we propose a distributed urban platooning protocol (DUPP) that enables high mobility and maximizes flexibility for driving vehicles to conduct urban platooning in a decentralized manner. DUPP has simple procedures to perform platooning maneuvers and does not require explicit conforming for the completion of platooning maneuvers. Since DUPP mainly operates on a service channel, it does not cause negative side effects on the exchange of basic safety messages on a control channel. Moreover, DUPP does not generate any data propagation delay due to contention-based channel access since it guarantees sequential data transmission opportunities for urban platooning vehicles. Finally, to address a problem of the broadcast storm while vehicles notify detected road events, DUPP performs forwarder selection using an analytic hierarchy process. The performance of the proposed DUPP is compared with that of ENSEMBLE which is the latest European platooning project in terms of the travel time of vehicles, the lifetime of an urban platoon, the success ratio of a designed maneuver, the external cost and the periodicity of the urban platooning-related transmissions, the adaptability of an urban platoon, and the forwarder selection ratio for each vehicle. The results of the performance evaluation demonstrate that the proposed DUPP is well suited to dynamic urban environments by maintaining a vehicle platoon as stable as possible after DUPP flexibly and quickly forms a vehicle platoon without the support of a centralized node. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:26:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cdf818f918cd4376a32efb9decf1ceb4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:26:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-cdf818f918cd4376a32efb9decf1ceb42023-11-21T15:02:09ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-04-01218268410.3390/s21082684Distributed Urban Platooning towards High Flexibility, Adaptability, and StabilitySangsoo Jeong0Youngmi Baek1Sang H. Son2Department of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, KoreaDepartment of Computer Software Engineering, Changshin University, Changwon 51352, KoreaDepartment of Information and Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu 42988, KoreaVehicle platooning reduces the safety distance between vehicles and the travel time of vehicles so that it leads to an increase in road capacity and to saving fuel consumption. In Europe, many projects for vehicle platooning are being actively developed, but mostly focus on truck platooning on the highway with a simpler topology than that of the urban road. When an existing vehicle platoon is applied to urban roads, many challenges are more complicated to address than highways. They include complex topology, various routes, traffic signals, intersections, frequent lane change, and communication interference depending on a higher vehicle density. To address these challenges, we propose a distributed urban platooning protocol (DUPP) that enables high mobility and maximizes flexibility for driving vehicles to conduct urban platooning in a decentralized manner. DUPP has simple procedures to perform platooning maneuvers and does not require explicit conforming for the completion of platooning maneuvers. Since DUPP mainly operates on a service channel, it does not cause negative side effects on the exchange of basic safety messages on a control channel. Moreover, DUPP does not generate any data propagation delay due to contention-based channel access since it guarantees sequential data transmission opportunities for urban platooning vehicles. Finally, to address a problem of the broadcast storm while vehicles notify detected road events, DUPP performs forwarder selection using an analytic hierarchy process. The performance of the proposed DUPP is compared with that of ENSEMBLE which is the latest European platooning project in terms of the travel time of vehicles, the lifetime of an urban platoon, the success ratio of a designed maneuver, the external cost and the periodicity of the urban platooning-related transmissions, the adaptability of an urban platoon, and the forwarder selection ratio for each vehicle. The results of the performance evaluation demonstrate that the proposed DUPP is well suited to dynamic urban environments by maintaining a vehicle platoon as stable as possible after DUPP flexibly and quickly forms a vehicle platoon without the support of a centralized node.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2684urban platooningvehicle-to-vehicle communicationin-vehicle networkanalytic hierarchy architecture |
| spellingShingle | Sangsoo Jeong Youngmi Baek Sang H. Son Distributed Urban Platooning towards High Flexibility, Adaptability, and Stability Sensors urban platooning vehicle-to-vehicle communication in-vehicle network analytic hierarchy architecture |
| title | Distributed Urban Platooning towards High Flexibility, Adaptability, and Stability |
| title_full | Distributed Urban Platooning towards High Flexibility, Adaptability, and Stability |
| title_fullStr | Distributed Urban Platooning towards High Flexibility, Adaptability, and Stability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distributed Urban Platooning towards High Flexibility, Adaptability, and Stability |
| title_short | Distributed Urban Platooning towards High Flexibility, Adaptability, and Stability |
| title_sort | distributed urban platooning towards high flexibility adaptability and stability |
| topic | urban platooning vehicle-to-vehicle communication in-vehicle network analytic hierarchy architecture |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2684 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sangsoojeong distributedurbanplatooningtowardshighflexibilityadaptabilityandstability AT youngmibaek distributedurbanplatooningtowardshighflexibilityadaptabilityandstability AT sanghson distributedurbanplatooningtowardshighflexibilityadaptabilityandstability |