Evidence of Interspecific Chromosomal Diversification in Rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae, Teleostei)
Rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae) are the largest monophyletic group of freshwater fishes occurring in Australia and New Guinea, with 112 species currently recognised. Despite their high taxonomic diversity, rainbowfishes remain poorly studied from a cytogenetic perspective. Using conventional (Giemsa...
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/7/818 |
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| author | Zuzana Majtánová Peter J. Unmack Tulyawat Prasongmaneerut Foyez Shams Kornsorn Srikulnath Petr Ráb Tariq Ezaz |
| author_facet | Zuzana Majtánová Peter J. Unmack Tulyawat Prasongmaneerut Foyez Shams Kornsorn Srikulnath Petr Ráb Tariq Ezaz |
| author_sort | Zuzana Majtánová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae) are the largest monophyletic group of freshwater fishes occurring in Australia and New Guinea, with 112 species currently recognised. Despite their high taxonomic diversity, rainbowfishes remain poorly studied from a cytogenetic perspective. Using conventional (Giemsa staining, C banding, chromomycin A<sub>3</sub> staining) and molecular (fluorescence in situ hybridisation with ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and telomeric probes) cytogenetic protocols, karyotypes and associated chromosomal characteristics of five species were examined. We covered all major lineages of this group, namely, Running River rainbowfish <i>Melanotaenia</i> sp., red rainbowfish <i>Glossolepis</i> <i>incisus</i>, threadfin rainbowfish <i>Iriatherina werneri</i>, ornate rainbowfish <i>Rhadinocentrus ornatus</i>, and Cairns rainbowfish <i>Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides</i>. All species had conserved diploid chromosome numbers 2n = 48, but karyotypes differed among species; while <i>Melanotaenia</i> sp., <i>G. incisus</i>, and <i>I. werneri</i> possessed karyotypes composed of exclusively subtelo/acrocentric chromosomes, the karyotype of <i>R. ornatus</i> displayed six pairs of submetacentric and 18 pairs of subtelo/acrocentric chromosomes, while <i>C. rhombosomoides</i> possessed a karyotype composed of four pairs of submetacentric and 20 pairs of subtelo/acrocentric chromosomes. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were detected using conventional cytogenetic techniques. Our data indicate a conserved 2n in Melanotaeniidae, but morphologically variable karyotypes, rDNA sites, and heterochromatin distributions. Differences were observed especially in taxonomically divergent species, suggesting interspecies chromosome rearrangements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:24:06Z |
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| id | doaj.art-cdf99c3ee8ef4098b69b3168f6d36f6b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:24:06Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cdf99c3ee8ef4098b69b3168f6d36f6b2023-11-20T07:10:26ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252020-07-0111781810.3390/genes11070818Evidence of Interspecific Chromosomal Diversification in Rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae, Teleostei)Zuzana Majtánová0Peter J. Unmack1Tulyawat Prasongmaneerut2Foyez Shams3Kornsorn Srikulnath4Petr Ráb5Tariq Ezaz6Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Liběchov, Czech RepublicCentre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, AustraliaLaboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandCentre for Conservation Ecology and Genetics, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, AustraliaLaboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics (ACCG), Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandLaboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Liběchov, Czech RepublicCentre for Conservation Ecology and Genetics, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, AustraliaRainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae) are the largest monophyletic group of freshwater fishes occurring in Australia and New Guinea, with 112 species currently recognised. Despite their high taxonomic diversity, rainbowfishes remain poorly studied from a cytogenetic perspective. Using conventional (Giemsa staining, C banding, chromomycin A<sub>3</sub> staining) and molecular (fluorescence in situ hybridisation with ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and telomeric probes) cytogenetic protocols, karyotypes and associated chromosomal characteristics of five species were examined. We covered all major lineages of this group, namely, Running River rainbowfish <i>Melanotaenia</i> sp., red rainbowfish <i>Glossolepis</i> <i>incisus</i>, threadfin rainbowfish <i>Iriatherina werneri</i>, ornate rainbowfish <i>Rhadinocentrus ornatus</i>, and Cairns rainbowfish <i>Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides</i>. All species had conserved diploid chromosome numbers 2n = 48, but karyotypes differed among species; while <i>Melanotaenia</i> sp., <i>G. incisus</i>, and <i>I. werneri</i> possessed karyotypes composed of exclusively subtelo/acrocentric chromosomes, the karyotype of <i>R. ornatus</i> displayed six pairs of submetacentric and 18 pairs of subtelo/acrocentric chromosomes, while <i>C. rhombosomoides</i> possessed a karyotype composed of four pairs of submetacentric and 20 pairs of subtelo/acrocentric chromosomes. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were detected using conventional cytogenetic techniques. Our data indicate a conserved 2n in Melanotaeniidae, but morphologically variable karyotypes, rDNA sites, and heterochromatin distributions. Differences were observed especially in taxonomically divergent species, suggesting interspecies chromosome rearrangements.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/7/818karyotyperDNAchromosomevariabilityFISH<i>Melanotaenia</i> |
| spellingShingle | Zuzana Majtánová Peter J. Unmack Tulyawat Prasongmaneerut Foyez Shams Kornsorn Srikulnath Petr Ráb Tariq Ezaz Evidence of Interspecific Chromosomal Diversification in Rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae, Teleostei) Genes karyotype rDNA chromosome variability FISH <i>Melanotaenia</i> |
| title | Evidence of Interspecific Chromosomal Diversification in Rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae, Teleostei) |
| title_full | Evidence of Interspecific Chromosomal Diversification in Rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae, Teleostei) |
| title_fullStr | Evidence of Interspecific Chromosomal Diversification in Rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae, Teleostei) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evidence of Interspecific Chromosomal Diversification in Rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae, Teleostei) |
| title_short | Evidence of Interspecific Chromosomal Diversification in Rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae, Teleostei) |
| title_sort | evidence of interspecific chromosomal diversification in rainbowfishes melanotaeniidae teleostei |
| topic | karyotype rDNA chromosome variability FISH <i>Melanotaenia</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/7/818 |
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