Evaluating the Expression of Candidate Homeobox Genes and Their Role in Local-Site Inflammation in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate
Craniofacial development including palatogenesis is a complex process which requires an orchestrated and spatiotemporal expression of various genes and factors for proper embryogenesis and organogenesis. One such group of genes essential for craniofacial development is the homeobox genes, transcript...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/11/1135 |
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| author | Nityanand Jain Mara Pilmane |
| author_facet | Nityanand Jain Mara Pilmane |
| author_sort | Nityanand Jain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Craniofacial development including palatogenesis is a complex process which requires an orchestrated and spatiotemporal expression of various genes and factors for proper embryogenesis and organogenesis. One such group of genes essential for craniofacial development is the homeobox genes, transcriptional factors that are commonly associated with congenital abnormalities. Amongst these genes, <i>DLX4, HOXB3,</i> and <i>MSX2</i> have been recently shown to be involved in the etiology of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate. Hence, we investigated the gene and protein expression of these genes in normal and cleft affected mucosal tissue obtained from 22 children, along with analyzing their role in promoting local-site inflammation using <i>NF-κB</i>. Additionally, we investigated the role of <i>PTX3,</i> which plays a critical role in tissue remodeling and wound repair. We found a residual gene and protein expression of <i>DLX4</i> in cleft mucosa, although no differences in gene expression levels of <i>HOXB3</i> and <i>MSX2</i> were noted. However, a significant increase in protein expression for these genes was noted in the cleft mucosa (<i>p</i> < 0.05), indicating increased cellular proliferation. This was coupled with a significant increase in <i>NF-κB</i> protein expression in cleft mucosa (<i>p</i> < 0.05), highlighting the role of these genes in promotion of pro-inflammatory environment. Finally, no differences in gene expression of <i>PTX3</i> were noted. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:22:05Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:22:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
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| series | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-ce0042b92db24c409f95a16e5af6e6442023-11-22T23:58:26ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262021-11-011111113510.3390/jpm11111135Evaluating the Expression of Candidate Homeobox Genes and Their Role in Local-Site Inflammation in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and PalateNityanand Jain0Mara Pilmane1Department of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaDepartment of Morphology, Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Rīga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, LatviaCraniofacial development including palatogenesis is a complex process which requires an orchestrated and spatiotemporal expression of various genes and factors for proper embryogenesis and organogenesis. One such group of genes essential for craniofacial development is the homeobox genes, transcriptional factors that are commonly associated with congenital abnormalities. Amongst these genes, <i>DLX4, HOXB3,</i> and <i>MSX2</i> have been recently shown to be involved in the etiology of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate. Hence, we investigated the gene and protein expression of these genes in normal and cleft affected mucosal tissue obtained from 22 children, along with analyzing their role in promoting local-site inflammation using <i>NF-κB</i>. Additionally, we investigated the role of <i>PTX3,</i> which plays a critical role in tissue remodeling and wound repair. We found a residual gene and protein expression of <i>DLX4</i> in cleft mucosa, although no differences in gene expression levels of <i>HOXB3</i> and <i>MSX2</i> were noted. However, a significant increase in protein expression for these genes was noted in the cleft mucosa (<i>p</i> < 0.05), indicating increased cellular proliferation. This was coupled with a significant increase in <i>NF-κB</i> protein expression in cleft mucosa (<i>p</i> < 0.05), highlighting the role of these genes in promotion of pro-inflammatory environment. Finally, no differences in gene expression of <i>PTX3</i> were noted.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/11/1135cleft lip and palateinflammationimmunohistochemistryin-situ hybridization<i>HOXB3</i><i>DLX4</i> |
| spellingShingle | Nityanand Jain Mara Pilmane Evaluating the Expression of Candidate Homeobox Genes and Their Role in Local-Site Inflammation in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate Journal of Personalized Medicine cleft lip and palate inflammation immunohistochemistry in-situ hybridization <i>HOXB3</i> <i>DLX4</i> |
| title | Evaluating the Expression of Candidate Homeobox Genes and Their Role in Local-Site Inflammation in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate |
| title_full | Evaluating the Expression of Candidate Homeobox Genes and Their Role in Local-Site Inflammation in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the Expression of Candidate Homeobox Genes and Their Role in Local-Site Inflammation in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the Expression of Candidate Homeobox Genes and Their Role in Local-Site Inflammation in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate |
| title_short | Evaluating the Expression of Candidate Homeobox Genes and Their Role in Local-Site Inflammation in Mucosal Tissue Obtained from Children with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate |
| title_sort | evaluating the expression of candidate homeobox genes and their role in local site inflammation in mucosal tissue obtained from children with non syndromic cleft lip and palate |
| topic | cleft lip and palate inflammation immunohistochemistry in-situ hybridization <i>HOXB3</i> <i>DLX4</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/11/1135 |
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