Effects of Manure Removal Frequencies and Deodorants on Ammonia and GHG Concentrations in Livestock House
In order to mitigate the concentration of NH<sub>3</sub> and greenhouse gases (GHGs: CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub>) in livestock houses, two experiments, one determining the ideal manure removal frequency by cleaning the feces from a l...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/7/1033 |
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| author | Xia Zhang Jian Li Le Shao Hailin Huan Feng Qin Pin Zhai Jie Yang Xiaoqing Pan |
| author_facet | Xia Zhang Jian Li Le Shao Hailin Huan Feng Qin Pin Zhai Jie Yang Xiaoqing Pan |
| author_sort | Xia Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In order to mitigate the concentration of NH<sub>3</sub> and greenhouse gases (GHGs: CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub>) in livestock houses, two experiments, one determining the ideal manure removal frequency by cleaning the feces from a livestock house once, twice, three, and four times a day, and one in which microbial deodorant and VenaZn deodorant were sprayed, were conducted in a rabbit breeding house. The NH<sub>3</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations were monitored continuously with an Innova 1512 photoacoustic gas monitor during the experiments. The results were as follows: the manure removal frequency had a significant impact on the average concentrations of NH<sub>3</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CH<sub>4</sub> in the rabbit house. Cleaning the feces in the rabbit breeding house two to three times a day significantly reduced the NH<sub>3</sub> concentration, and, on the contrary, cleaning the feces four times a day increased the NH<sub>3</sub> concentration in rabbit house; increasing the manure removal frequency significantly reduced the concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> in the rabbit house. Considering the average concentrations of NH<sub>3</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and CH<sub>4</sub> in the rabbit house and economic cost, it was better to remove feces twice a day. The average NH<sub>3</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> concentration declined significantly within 3 days in the summer and winter; the N<sub>2</sub>O concentration declined within 3 days in the summer but did not decline in the winter; and there was no effect on the CH<sub>4</sub> concentration in the summer and in the winter after spraying the rabbit house with microbial deodorant. Therefore, it was better to spray microbial deodorant twice a week on Monday and Thursday to reduce the NH<sub>3</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations in rabbit houses. The NH<sub>3</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations first showed a decreasing trend and then an increasing trend over 5 days in the summer and 7 days in the winter after VenaZn deodorant was sprayed in the rabbit house, and the NH<sub>3</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations on day 3 and day 4 were significantly lower than they were on the other days. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:23:33Z |
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| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ce03deacbc2941aba86b5f0849d1aef22023-12-01T21:52:50ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-06-01137103310.3390/atmos13071033Effects of Manure Removal Frequencies and Deodorants on Ammonia and GHG Concentrations in Livestock HouseXia Zhang0Jian Li1Le Shao2Hailin Huan3Feng Qin4Pin Zhai5Jie Yang6Xiaoqing Pan7Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, ChinaInstitute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, ChinaInstitute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, ChinaInstitute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, ChinaInstitute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, ChinaInstitute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, ChinaInstitute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, ChinaInstitute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, ChinaIn order to mitigate the concentration of NH<sub>3</sub> and greenhouse gases (GHGs: CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, CH<sub>4</sub>) in livestock houses, two experiments, one determining the ideal manure removal frequency by cleaning the feces from a livestock house once, twice, three, and four times a day, and one in which microbial deodorant and VenaZn deodorant were sprayed, were conducted in a rabbit breeding house. The NH<sub>3</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations were monitored continuously with an Innova 1512 photoacoustic gas monitor during the experiments. The results were as follows: the manure removal frequency had a significant impact on the average concentrations of NH<sub>3</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and CH<sub>4</sub> in the rabbit house. Cleaning the feces in the rabbit breeding house two to three times a day significantly reduced the NH<sub>3</sub> concentration, and, on the contrary, cleaning the feces four times a day increased the NH<sub>3</sub> concentration in rabbit house; increasing the manure removal frequency significantly reduced the concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> in the rabbit house. Considering the average concentrations of NH<sub>3</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and CH<sub>4</sub> in the rabbit house and economic cost, it was better to remove feces twice a day. The average NH<sub>3</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> concentration declined significantly within 3 days in the summer and winter; the N<sub>2</sub>O concentration declined within 3 days in the summer but did not decline in the winter; and there was no effect on the CH<sub>4</sub> concentration in the summer and in the winter after spraying the rabbit house with microbial deodorant. Therefore, it was better to spray microbial deodorant twice a week on Monday and Thursday to reduce the NH<sub>3</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations in rabbit houses. The NH<sub>3</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations first showed a decreasing trend and then an increasing trend over 5 days in the summer and 7 days in the winter after VenaZn deodorant was sprayed in the rabbit house, and the NH<sub>3</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations on day 3 and day 4 were significantly lower than they were on the other days.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/7/1033ammoniagreenhouse gasmanure remove frequencymicrobial deodorantVenaZn deodorant |
| spellingShingle | Xia Zhang Jian Li Le Shao Hailin Huan Feng Qin Pin Zhai Jie Yang Xiaoqing Pan Effects of Manure Removal Frequencies and Deodorants on Ammonia and GHG Concentrations in Livestock House Atmosphere ammonia greenhouse gas manure remove frequency microbial deodorant VenaZn deodorant |
| title | Effects of Manure Removal Frequencies and Deodorants on Ammonia and GHG Concentrations in Livestock House |
| title_full | Effects of Manure Removal Frequencies and Deodorants on Ammonia and GHG Concentrations in Livestock House |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Manure Removal Frequencies and Deodorants on Ammonia and GHG Concentrations in Livestock House |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Manure Removal Frequencies and Deodorants on Ammonia and GHG Concentrations in Livestock House |
| title_short | Effects of Manure Removal Frequencies and Deodorants on Ammonia and GHG Concentrations in Livestock House |
| title_sort | effects of manure removal frequencies and deodorants on ammonia and ghg concentrations in livestock house |
| topic | ammonia greenhouse gas manure remove frequency microbial deodorant VenaZn deodorant |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/7/1033 |
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