Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes
The use of ionic metals such as zinc (Zn<sup>2+</sup>) is providing promising results in regenerative medicine. In this study, human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were treated with different concentrations of zinc chloride (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>), ranging from 1 to 800 µg/mL, for 3,...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| author | Beatriz Salesa Roser Sabater i Serra Ángel Serrano-Aroca |
| author_facet | Beatriz Salesa Roser Sabater i Serra Ángel Serrano-Aroca |
| author_sort | Beatriz Salesa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of ionic metals such as zinc (Zn<sup>2+</sup>) is providing promising results in regenerative medicine. In this study, human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were treated with different concentrations of zinc chloride (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>), ranging from 1 to 800 µg/mL, for 3, 12 and 24 h. The results showed a time–concentration dependence with three non-cytotoxic concentrations (10, 5 and 1 µg/mL) and a median effective concentration value of 13.5 µg/mL at a cell exposure to ZnCl<sub>2</sub> of 24 h. However, the zinc treatment with 5 or 1 µg/mL had no effect on cell proliferation in HaCaT cells in relation to the control sample at 72 h. The effects of the Zn<sup>2+</sup> treatment on the expression of several genes related to glycoprotein synthesis, oxidative stress, proliferation and differentiation were assessed at the two lowest non-cytotoxic concentrations after 24 h of treatment. Out of 13 analyzed genes (superoxide dismutase 1 (<i>SOD1)</i>, catalase <i>(CAT)</i>, matrix metallopeptidase 1 <i>(MMP1),</i> transforming growth factor beta 1 <i>(TGFB1)</i>, glutathione peroxidase 1 (<i>GPX1),</i> fibronectin 1 (<i>FN1)</i>, hyaluronan synthase 2 <i>(HAS2)</i>, laminin subunit beta 1 <i>(LAMB1),</i> lumican <i>(LUM)</i>, cadherin 1 (<i>CDH1)</i>, collagen type IV alpha <i>(COL4A1)</i>, fibrillin (<i>FBN)</i> and versican <i>(VCAN</i>)), Zn<sup>2+</sup> was able to upregulate <i>SOD1, CAT, TGFB1, GPX1, LUM, CDH1, FBN</i> and <i>VCAN</i>, with relative expression levels of at least 1.9-fold with respect to controls. We found that ZnCl<sub>2</sub> promoted glycoprotein synthesis and antioxidant gene expression, thus confirming its great potential in biomedicine. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-ce077195239d4f4198cdd3b0eac948bc2023-11-22T22:26:55ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-10-011011107210.3390/biology10111072Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human KeratinocytesBeatriz Salesa0Roser Sabater i Serra1Ángel Serrano-Aroca2Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46022 València, SpainCentre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, SpainBiomaterials and Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46022 València, SpainThe use of ionic metals such as zinc (Zn<sup>2+</sup>) is providing promising results in regenerative medicine. In this study, human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were treated with different concentrations of zinc chloride (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>), ranging from 1 to 800 µg/mL, for 3, 12 and 24 h. The results showed a time–concentration dependence with three non-cytotoxic concentrations (10, 5 and 1 µg/mL) and a median effective concentration value of 13.5 µg/mL at a cell exposure to ZnCl<sub>2</sub> of 24 h. However, the zinc treatment with 5 or 1 µg/mL had no effect on cell proliferation in HaCaT cells in relation to the control sample at 72 h. The effects of the Zn<sup>2+</sup> treatment on the expression of several genes related to glycoprotein synthesis, oxidative stress, proliferation and differentiation were assessed at the two lowest non-cytotoxic concentrations after 24 h of treatment. Out of 13 analyzed genes (superoxide dismutase 1 (<i>SOD1)</i>, catalase <i>(CAT)</i>, matrix metallopeptidase 1 <i>(MMP1),</i> transforming growth factor beta 1 <i>(TGFB1)</i>, glutathione peroxidase 1 (<i>GPX1),</i> fibronectin 1 (<i>FN1)</i>, hyaluronan synthase 2 <i>(HAS2)</i>, laminin subunit beta 1 <i>(LAMB1),</i> lumican <i>(LUM)</i>, cadherin 1 (<i>CDH1)</i>, collagen type IV alpha <i>(COL4A1)</i>, fibrillin (<i>FBN)</i> and versican <i>(VCAN</i>)), Zn<sup>2+</sup> was able to upregulate <i>SOD1, CAT, TGFB1, GPX1, LUM, CDH1, FBN</i> and <i>VCAN</i>, with relative expression levels of at least 1.9-fold with respect to controls. We found that ZnCl<sub>2</sub> promoted glycoprotein synthesis and antioxidant gene expression, thus confirming its great potential in biomedicine.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1072biometalszinc ionshuman keratinocytescytotoxicitygene expressionbiomedical applications |
| spellingShingle | Beatriz Salesa Roser Sabater i Serra Ángel Serrano-Aroca Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes Biology biometals zinc ions human keratinocytes cytotoxicity gene expression biomedical applications |
| title | Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes |
| title_full | Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes |
| title_fullStr | Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes |
| title_short | Zinc Chloride: Time-Dependent Cytotoxicity, Proliferation and Promotion of Glycoprotein Synthesis and Antioxidant Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes |
| title_sort | zinc chloride time dependent cytotoxicity proliferation and promotion of glycoprotein synthesis and antioxidant gene expression in human keratinocytes |
| topic | biometals zinc ions human keratinocytes cytotoxicity gene expression biomedical applications |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/11/1072 |
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