Multi-Organ Involvement in COVID-19: Beyond Pulmonary Manifestations
Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become an on-going global health emergency affecting over 94 million cases with more than 2 million deaths globally. Primarily identified as atypical pneumonia, it has developed into severe acu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/3/446 |
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| author | Vikram Thakur Radha Kanta Ratho Pradeep Kumar Shashi Kant Bhatia Ishani Bora Gursimran Kaur Mohi Shailendra K Saxena Manju Devi Dhananjay Yadav Sanjeet Mehariya |
| author_facet | Vikram Thakur Radha Kanta Ratho Pradeep Kumar Shashi Kant Bhatia Ishani Bora Gursimran Kaur Mohi Shailendra K Saxena Manju Devi Dhananjay Yadav Sanjeet Mehariya |
| author_sort | Vikram Thakur |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become an on-going global health emergency affecting over 94 million cases with more than 2 million deaths globally. Primarily identified as atypical pneumonia, it has developed into severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a multi-organ dysfunction with associated fatality. Ever since its emergence, COVID-19 with its plethora of clinical presentations has signalled its dynamic nature and versatility of the disease process. Being a disease with droplet transmission has now assumed the proportion of a suspected airborne nature which, once proved, poses a Herculean task to control. Because of the wide distribution of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (hACE2) receptors, known for its transmission, we envisage its multiorgan spread and extensive disease distribution. Thus, an extensive review of the extrapulmonary organotropism of SARS-CoV-2 with organ-specific pathophysiology and associated manifestations like dermatological complications, myocardial dysfunction, gastrointestinal symptoms, neurologic illnesses, hepatic and renal injury is needed urgently. The plausible mechanism of site-specific viral invasion is also discussed to give a comprehensive understanding of disease complexity, to help us to focus on research priorities and therapeutic strategies to counter the disease progression. A note on the latest advancements in vaccine research will enlighten the scientific world and equip it for better preparedness. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:49:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ce16f0076d874fe0b3ac8d2f646fe5aa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:49:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-ce16f0076d874fe0b3ac8d2f646fe5aa2023-12-03T14:29:36ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832021-01-0110344610.3390/jcm10030446Multi-Organ Involvement in COVID-19: Beyond Pulmonary ManifestationsVikram Thakur0Radha Kanta Ratho1Pradeep Kumar2Shashi Kant Bhatia3Ishani Bora4Gursimran Kaur Mohi5Shailendra K Saxena6Manju Devi7Dhananjay Yadav8Sanjeet Mehariya9Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, IndiaDepartment of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, IndiaFaculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, IndiaDepartment of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, KoreaDepartment of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, IndiaDepartment of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, IndiaCentre for Advanced Research, Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, IndiaDepartment of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, RUHS College of Dental Sciences (Government Dental College), RUHS University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302016, IndiaDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, KoreaDepartment of Engineering, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanitelli’, Real Casa dell’ Annunziata, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, ItalyCoronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become an on-going global health emergency affecting over 94 million cases with more than 2 million deaths globally. Primarily identified as atypical pneumonia, it has developed into severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a multi-organ dysfunction with associated fatality. Ever since its emergence, COVID-19 with its plethora of clinical presentations has signalled its dynamic nature and versatility of the disease process. Being a disease with droplet transmission has now assumed the proportion of a suspected airborne nature which, once proved, poses a Herculean task to control. Because of the wide distribution of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (hACE2) receptors, known for its transmission, we envisage its multiorgan spread and extensive disease distribution. Thus, an extensive review of the extrapulmonary organotropism of SARS-CoV-2 with organ-specific pathophysiology and associated manifestations like dermatological complications, myocardial dysfunction, gastrointestinal symptoms, neurologic illnesses, hepatic and renal injury is needed urgently. The plausible mechanism of site-specific viral invasion is also discussed to give a comprehensive understanding of disease complexity, to help us to focus on research priorities and therapeutic strategies to counter the disease progression. A note on the latest advancements in vaccine research will enlighten the scientific world and equip it for better preparedness.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/3/446SARS-CoV-2COVID-19ACE-2neurologicalhepaticdermatological |
| spellingShingle | Vikram Thakur Radha Kanta Ratho Pradeep Kumar Shashi Kant Bhatia Ishani Bora Gursimran Kaur Mohi Shailendra K Saxena Manju Devi Dhananjay Yadav Sanjeet Mehariya Multi-Organ Involvement in COVID-19: Beyond Pulmonary Manifestations Journal of Clinical Medicine SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 ACE-2 neurological hepatic dermatological |
| title | Multi-Organ Involvement in COVID-19: Beyond Pulmonary Manifestations |
| title_full | Multi-Organ Involvement in COVID-19: Beyond Pulmonary Manifestations |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Organ Involvement in COVID-19: Beyond Pulmonary Manifestations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Organ Involvement in COVID-19: Beyond Pulmonary Manifestations |
| title_short | Multi-Organ Involvement in COVID-19: Beyond Pulmonary Manifestations |
| title_sort | multi organ involvement in covid 19 beyond pulmonary manifestations |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 ACE-2 neurological hepatic dermatological |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/3/446 |
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