Astrocytes and neurons communicate via a monocarboxylic acid shuttle
Since formulation of the Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle (ANLS) hypothesis in 1994, the hypothesis has provoked criticism and debate. Our review does not criticise, but rather integrates experimental data characterizing proton-linked monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) into the ANLS. MCTs have wide...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
AIMS Press
2020-06-01
|
| Series: | AIMS Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.aimspress.com/article/10.3934/Neuroscience.2020007/fulltext.html |
| _version_ | 1819145291760140288 |
|---|---|
| author | Dirk Roosterman Graeme S. Cottrell |
| author_facet | Dirk Roosterman Graeme S. Cottrell |
| author_sort | Dirk Roosterman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since formulation of the Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle (ANLS) hypothesis in 1994, the hypothesis has provoked criticism and debate. Our review does not criticise, but rather integrates experimental data characterizing proton-linked monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) into the ANLS. MCTs have wide substrate specificity and are discussed to be in protein complex with a proton donor (PD). We particularly focus on the proton-driven transfer of L -lactic acid ( L -lacH) and pyruvic acid (pyrH), were PDs link MCTs to a flow of energy. The precise nature of the PD predicts the activity and catalytic direction of MCTs. By doing so, we postulate that the MCT4ꞏphosphoglycerate kinase complex exports and at the same time in the same astrocyte, MCT1ꞏcarbonic anhydrase II complex imports monocarboxylic acids. Similarly, neuronal MCT2 preferentially imports pyrH. The repertoire of MCTs in astrocytes and neurons allows them to communicate via monocarboxylic acids. A change in imported pyrH/ L -lacH ratio in favour of L -lacH encodes signals stabilizing the transit of glucose from astrocytes to neurons. The presented astrocyte neuron communication hypothesis has the potential to unite the community by suggesting that the exchange of monocarboxylic acids paves the path of glucose provision. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:55:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ce23ffe97ac74f3e8fa775191cbc2761 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2373-7972 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:55:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | AIMS Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | AIMS Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-ce23ffe97ac74f3e8fa775191cbc27612022-12-21T18:25:07ZengAIMS PressAIMS Neuroscience2373-79722020-06-01729410610.3934/Neuroscience.2020007Astrocytes and neurons communicate via a monocarboxylic acid shuttleDirk Roosterman0Graeme S. Cottrell11 Ruhr Universität Bochum, LWL-Hospital of Psychiatry, Bochum, Germany2 School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UKSince formulation of the Astrocyte-Neuron Lactate Shuttle (ANLS) hypothesis in 1994, the hypothesis has provoked criticism and debate. Our review does not criticise, but rather integrates experimental data characterizing proton-linked monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) into the ANLS. MCTs have wide substrate specificity and are discussed to be in protein complex with a proton donor (PD). We particularly focus on the proton-driven transfer of L -lactic acid ( L -lacH) and pyruvic acid (pyrH), were PDs link MCTs to a flow of energy. The precise nature of the PD predicts the activity and catalytic direction of MCTs. By doing so, we postulate that the MCT4ꞏphosphoglycerate kinase complex exports and at the same time in the same astrocyte, MCT1ꞏcarbonic anhydrase II complex imports monocarboxylic acids. Similarly, neuronal MCT2 preferentially imports pyrH. The repertoire of MCTs in astrocytes and neurons allows them to communicate via monocarboxylic acids. A change in imported pyrH/ L -lacH ratio in favour of L -lacH encodes signals stabilizing the transit of glucose from astrocytes to neurons. The presented astrocyte neuron communication hypothesis has the potential to unite the community by suggesting that the exchange of monocarboxylic acids paves the path of glucose provision.https://www.aimspress.com/article/10.3934/Neuroscience.2020007/fulltext.htmlastrocyte neuron glucose transitastrocyte neuron lactate shuttleenzyme complexes |
| spellingShingle | Dirk Roosterman Graeme S. Cottrell Astrocytes and neurons communicate via a monocarboxylic acid shuttle AIMS Neuroscience astrocyte neuron glucose transit astrocyte neuron lactate shuttle enzyme complexes |
| title | Astrocytes and neurons communicate via a monocarboxylic acid shuttle |
| title_full | Astrocytes and neurons communicate via a monocarboxylic acid shuttle |
| title_fullStr | Astrocytes and neurons communicate via a monocarboxylic acid shuttle |
| title_full_unstemmed | Astrocytes and neurons communicate via a monocarboxylic acid shuttle |
| title_short | Astrocytes and neurons communicate via a monocarboxylic acid shuttle |
| title_sort | astrocytes and neurons communicate via a monocarboxylic acid shuttle |
| topic | astrocyte neuron glucose transit astrocyte neuron lactate shuttle enzyme complexes |
| url | https://www.aimspress.com/article/10.3934/Neuroscience.2020007/fulltext.html |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dirkroosterman astrocytesandneuronscommunicateviaamonocarboxylicacidshuttle AT graemescottrell astrocytesandneuronscommunicateviaamonocarboxylicacidshuttle |