Monkeypox Disease with a Focus on the 2022 Outbreak; a Narrative Review
Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus. Despite being endemic in Central and West Africa, the disease has received relatively little research attention until recent times. As the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/aaem/index.php/AAEM/article/view/1856 |
| _version_ | 1797947354408550400 |
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| author | Zohreh Tehranchinia Reza M Robati Hamideh Moravvej Mojtaba Memariani Hamed Memariani |
| author_facet | Zohreh Tehranchinia Reza M Robati Hamideh Moravvej Mojtaba Memariani Hamed Memariani |
| author_sort | Zohreh Tehranchinia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus. Despite being endemic in Central and West Africa, the disease has received relatively little research attention until recent times. As the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to affect the world, the rising number of monkeypox cases in non-endemic countries has further stoked global public health concerns about another pandemic. Unlike previous outbreaks outside Africa, most patients in the present outbreak had no history of travel to the endemic regions. The overwhelming majority of patients were initially identified amongst homosexual men, who had attended large gatherings. Mutations in the coding regions of the viral genome may have resulted in fitness adaptation, enhancement of immune evasion mechanisms, and more efficient transmissibility of the 2022 monkeypox virus. Multiple factors such as diminished cross-protective herd immunity (cessation of smallpox vaccination), deforestation, civil war, refugee displacement, farming, enhanced global interconnectedness, and even climate change may facilitate the unexpected emergence of the disease. In light of the increasing number of cases reported in the present outbreak, healthcare professionals should update their knowledge about monkeypox disease, including its diagnosis, prevention, and clinical management. Herein, we provide an overview of monkeypox, with a focus on the 2022 outbreak, to serve as a primer for clinical practitioners who may encounter the disease in their practice.
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:26:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ce44bd7b595b48a282254e96edc894b0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2645-4904 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T21:26:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-ce44bd7b595b48a282254e96edc894b02023-01-19T17:54:56ZengShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesArchives of Academic Emergency Medicine2645-49042023-01-0111110.22037/aaem.v11i1.1856Monkeypox Disease with a Focus on the 2022 Outbreak; a Narrative ReviewZohreh TehranchiniaReza M Robati0Hamideh MoravvejMojtaba MemarianiHamed MemarianiSkin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus. Despite being endemic in Central and West Africa, the disease has received relatively little research attention until recent times. As the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to affect the world, the rising number of monkeypox cases in non-endemic countries has further stoked global public health concerns about another pandemic. Unlike previous outbreaks outside Africa, most patients in the present outbreak had no history of travel to the endemic regions. The overwhelming majority of patients were initially identified amongst homosexual men, who had attended large gatherings. Mutations in the coding regions of the viral genome may have resulted in fitness adaptation, enhancement of immune evasion mechanisms, and more efficient transmissibility of the 2022 monkeypox virus. Multiple factors such as diminished cross-protective herd immunity (cessation of smallpox vaccination), deforestation, civil war, refugee displacement, farming, enhanced global interconnectedness, and even climate change may facilitate the unexpected emergence of the disease. In light of the increasing number of cases reported in the present outbreak, healthcare professionals should update their knowledge about monkeypox disease, including its diagnosis, prevention, and clinical management. Herein, we provide an overview of monkeypox, with a focus on the 2022 outbreak, to serve as a primer for clinical practitioners who may encounter the disease in their practice. https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/aaem/index.php/AAEM/article/view/1856MonkeypoxDisease OutbreaksDiagnosisVaccinationTherapeutics |
| spellingShingle | Zohreh Tehranchinia Reza M Robati Hamideh Moravvej Mojtaba Memariani Hamed Memariani Monkeypox Disease with a Focus on the 2022 Outbreak; a Narrative Review Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine Monkeypox Disease Outbreaks Diagnosis Vaccination Therapeutics |
| title | Monkeypox Disease with a Focus on the 2022 Outbreak; a Narrative Review |
| title_full | Monkeypox Disease with a Focus on the 2022 Outbreak; a Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Monkeypox Disease with a Focus on the 2022 Outbreak; a Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monkeypox Disease with a Focus on the 2022 Outbreak; a Narrative Review |
| title_short | Monkeypox Disease with a Focus on the 2022 Outbreak; a Narrative Review |
| title_sort | monkeypox disease with a focus on the 2022 outbreak a narrative review |
| topic | Monkeypox Disease Outbreaks Diagnosis Vaccination Therapeutics |
| url | https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/aaem/index.php/AAEM/article/view/1856 |
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