Determination of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity, Heavy Metals and Elements Content of Seaweed Extracts
The aim of the research was to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, determination of chemical elements and heavy metals in seaweed extracts of wakame, arame, dulse, laminaria, kombu, and hijiki. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH method and the activity ranged from 0.00 to...
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/11/1493 |
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| author | Natália Čmiková Lucia Galovičová Michal Miškeje Petra Borotová Maciej Kluz Miroslava Kačániová |
| author_facet | Natália Čmiková Lucia Galovičová Michal Miškeje Petra Borotová Maciej Kluz Miroslava Kačániová |
| author_sort | Natália Čmiková |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of the research was to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, determination of chemical elements and heavy metals in seaweed extracts of wakame, arame, dulse, laminaria, kombu, and hijiki. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH method and the activity ranged from 0.00 to 2641.34 TEAC. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in kombu (2641.34 TEAC) and arame (2457.5 TEAC). Antimicrobial activity was analyzed by disk diffusion method and MIC method. Three G<sup>+</sup> bacteria (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>), three G<sup>-</sup> bacteria (<i>Salmonella enterica</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>), and four yeasts (<i>Candida tropicalis</i>, <i>C. krusei</i>, <i>C. glabrata</i>, <i>C. albicans</i>) were used as model organisms. The size of inhibition zones ranged from 0.00 to 8.67 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the selected seaweeds ranged from MIC<sub>50</sub> 98.46 (MIC<sub>90</sub> 100.25) to MIC<sub>50</sub> 3.43 µL/mL (MIC<sub>90</sub> 5.26 µL/mL). The content of selected elements was determined in seaweed samples by ICP-OES. The chemical composition of the algae showed differences between species and the presence of heavy metals. Arsenic, cadmium, and aluminum were confirmed. All seaweed samples contained arsenic ranging from 6.6546 to 76.48 mg/kg. Further investigation of seaweeds is needed to identify the active substances present in the algae that are responsible for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of extracts from five commonly consumed seaweeds for their ability to inhibit selected microorganisms and to determine the health risk due to heavy metals content. Our study contributes to the evidence that seaweeds have antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and seaweed extracts have for pharmacological applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:59:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ce459bdc87034ce4a2c2d8655fdd55c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:59:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-ce459bdc87034ce4a2c2d8655fdd55c22023-11-23T14:39:34ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-06-011111149310.3390/plants11111493Determination of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity, Heavy Metals and Elements Content of Seaweed ExtractsNatália Čmiková0Lucia Galovičová1Michal Miškeje2Petra Borotová3Maciej Kluz4Miroslava Kačániová5Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, SlovakiaInstitute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, SlovakiaAgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaAgroBioTech Research Centre, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaDepartment of Bioenergy, Food Technology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St, 35601 Rzeszow, PolandInstitute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, SlovakiaThe aim of the research was to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, determination of chemical elements and heavy metals in seaweed extracts of wakame, arame, dulse, laminaria, kombu, and hijiki. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH method and the activity ranged from 0.00 to 2641.34 TEAC. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in kombu (2641.34 TEAC) and arame (2457.5 TEAC). Antimicrobial activity was analyzed by disk diffusion method and MIC method. Three G<sup>+</sup> bacteria (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>), three G<sup>-</sup> bacteria (<i>Salmonella enterica</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>), and four yeasts (<i>Candida tropicalis</i>, <i>C. krusei</i>, <i>C. glabrata</i>, <i>C. albicans</i>) were used as model organisms. The size of inhibition zones ranged from 0.00 to 8.67 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the selected seaweeds ranged from MIC<sub>50</sub> 98.46 (MIC<sub>90</sub> 100.25) to MIC<sub>50</sub> 3.43 µL/mL (MIC<sub>90</sub> 5.26 µL/mL). The content of selected elements was determined in seaweed samples by ICP-OES. The chemical composition of the algae showed differences between species and the presence of heavy metals. Arsenic, cadmium, and aluminum were confirmed. All seaweed samples contained arsenic ranging from 6.6546 to 76.48 mg/kg. Further investigation of seaweeds is needed to identify the active substances present in the algae that are responsible for antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of extracts from five commonly consumed seaweeds for their ability to inhibit selected microorganisms and to determine the health risk due to heavy metals content. Our study contributes to the evidence that seaweeds have antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and seaweed extracts have for pharmacological applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/11/1493seaweedalgaeantimicrobial activityantioxidant activityheavy metalsPCA |
| spellingShingle | Natália Čmiková Lucia Galovičová Michal Miškeje Petra Borotová Maciej Kluz Miroslava Kačániová Determination of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity, Heavy Metals and Elements Content of Seaweed Extracts Plants seaweed algae antimicrobial activity antioxidant activity heavy metals PCA |
| title | Determination of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity, Heavy Metals and Elements Content of Seaweed Extracts |
| title_full | Determination of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity, Heavy Metals and Elements Content of Seaweed Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Determination of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity, Heavy Metals and Elements Content of Seaweed Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity, Heavy Metals and Elements Content of Seaweed Extracts |
| title_short | Determination of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity, Heavy Metals and Elements Content of Seaweed Extracts |
| title_sort | determination of antioxidant antimicrobial activity heavy metals and elements content of seaweed extracts |
| topic | seaweed algae antimicrobial activity antioxidant activity heavy metals PCA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/11/1493 |
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