Assessment of Glial Activation Response in the Progress of Natural Scrapie after Chronic Dexamethasone Treatment
Neuroinflammation has been correlated with the progress of neurodegeneration in many neuropathologies. Although glial cells have traditionally been considered to be protective, the concept of them as neurotoxic cells has recently emerged. Thus, a major unsolved question is the exact role of astrogli...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-05-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/9/3231 |
| _version_ | 1797569010357764096 |
|---|---|
| author | Isabel M. Guijarro Moisés Garcés Pol Andrés-Benito Belén Marín Alicia Otero Tomás Barrio Margarita Carmona Isidro Ferrer Juan J. Badiola Marta Monzón |
| author_facet | Isabel M. Guijarro Moisés Garcés Pol Andrés-Benito Belén Marín Alicia Otero Tomás Barrio Margarita Carmona Isidro Ferrer Juan J. Badiola Marta Monzón |
| author_sort | Isabel M. Guijarro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neuroinflammation has been correlated with the progress of neurodegeneration in many neuropathologies. Although glial cells have traditionally been considered to be protective, the concept of them as neurotoxic cells has recently emerged. Thus, a major unsolved question is the exact role of astroglia and microglia in neurodegenerative disorders. On the other hand, it is well known that glucocorticoids are the first choice to regulate inflammation and, consequently, neuroglial inflammatory activity. The objective of this study was to determine how chronic dexamethasone treatment influences the host immune response and to characterize the beneficial or detrimental role of glial cells. To date, this has not been examined using a natural neurodegenerative model of scrapie. With this aim, immunohistochemical expression of glial markers, prion protein accumulation, histopathological lesions and clinical evolution were compared with those in a control group. The results demonstrated how the complex interaction between glial populations failed to compensate for brain damage in natural conditions, emphasizing the need for using natural models. Additionally, the data showed that modulation of neuroinflammation by anti-inflammatory drugs might become a research focus as a potential therapeutic target for prion diseases, similar to that considered previously for other neurodegenerative disorders classified as prion-like diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:04:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ce54c59372664af6a64c00142aac4dfc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:04:53Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ce54c59372664af6a64c00142aac4dfc2023-11-19T23:21:44ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-05-01219323110.3390/ijms21093231Assessment of Glial Activation Response in the Progress of Natural Scrapie after Chronic Dexamethasone TreatmentIsabel M. Guijarro0Moisés Garcés1Pol Andrés-Benito2Belén Marín3Alicia Otero4Tomás Barrio5Margarita Carmona6Isidro Ferrer7Juan J. Badiola8Marta Monzón9Research Centre for Encephalopathies and Transmissible Emerging Diseases—Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS), University of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 155, 50013 Zaragoza, SpainResearch Centre for Encephalopathies and Transmissible Emerging Diseases—Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS), University of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 155, 50013 Zaragoza, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, SpainResearch Centre for Encephalopathies and Transmissible Emerging Diseases—Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS), University of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 155, 50013 Zaragoza, SpainResearch Centre for Encephalopathies and Transmissible Emerging Diseases—Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS), University of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 155, 50013 Zaragoza, SpainResearch Centre for Encephalopathies and Transmissible Emerging Diseases—Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS), University of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 155, 50013 Zaragoza, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, SpainBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, SpainResearch Centre for Encephalopathies and Transmissible Emerging Diseases—Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS), University of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 155, 50013 Zaragoza, SpainResearch Centre for Encephalopathies and Transmissible Emerging Diseases—Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS), University of Zaragoza, C/Miguel Servet 155, 50013 Zaragoza, SpainNeuroinflammation has been correlated with the progress of neurodegeneration in many neuropathologies. Although glial cells have traditionally been considered to be protective, the concept of them as neurotoxic cells has recently emerged. Thus, a major unsolved question is the exact role of astroglia and microglia in neurodegenerative disorders. On the other hand, it is well known that glucocorticoids are the first choice to regulate inflammation and, consequently, neuroglial inflammatory activity. The objective of this study was to determine how chronic dexamethasone treatment influences the host immune response and to characterize the beneficial or detrimental role of glial cells. To date, this has not been examined using a natural neurodegenerative model of scrapie. With this aim, immunohistochemical expression of glial markers, prion protein accumulation, histopathological lesions and clinical evolution were compared with those in a control group. The results demonstrated how the complex interaction between glial populations failed to compensate for brain damage in natural conditions, emphasizing the need for using natural models. Additionally, the data showed that modulation of neuroinflammation by anti-inflammatory drugs might become a research focus as a potential therapeutic target for prion diseases, similar to that considered previously for other neurodegenerative disorders classified as prion-like diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/9/3231scrapiedexamethasoneneuroinflammationastrocytesmicrogliaprion diseases |
| spellingShingle | Isabel M. Guijarro Moisés Garcés Pol Andrés-Benito Belén Marín Alicia Otero Tomás Barrio Margarita Carmona Isidro Ferrer Juan J. Badiola Marta Monzón Assessment of Glial Activation Response in the Progress of Natural Scrapie after Chronic Dexamethasone Treatment International Journal of Molecular Sciences scrapie dexamethasone neuroinflammation astrocytes microglia prion diseases |
| title | Assessment of Glial Activation Response in the Progress of Natural Scrapie after Chronic Dexamethasone Treatment |
| title_full | Assessment of Glial Activation Response in the Progress of Natural Scrapie after Chronic Dexamethasone Treatment |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Glial Activation Response in the Progress of Natural Scrapie after Chronic Dexamethasone Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Glial Activation Response in the Progress of Natural Scrapie after Chronic Dexamethasone Treatment |
| title_short | Assessment of Glial Activation Response in the Progress of Natural Scrapie after Chronic Dexamethasone Treatment |
| title_sort | assessment of glial activation response in the progress of natural scrapie after chronic dexamethasone treatment |
| topic | scrapie dexamethasone neuroinflammation astrocytes microglia prion diseases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/9/3231 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT isabelmguijarro assessmentofglialactivationresponseintheprogressofnaturalscrapieafterchronicdexamethasonetreatment AT moisesgarces assessmentofglialactivationresponseintheprogressofnaturalscrapieafterchronicdexamethasonetreatment AT polandresbenito assessmentofglialactivationresponseintheprogressofnaturalscrapieafterchronicdexamethasonetreatment AT belenmarin assessmentofglialactivationresponseintheprogressofnaturalscrapieafterchronicdexamethasonetreatment AT aliciaotero assessmentofglialactivationresponseintheprogressofnaturalscrapieafterchronicdexamethasonetreatment AT tomasbarrio assessmentofglialactivationresponseintheprogressofnaturalscrapieafterchronicdexamethasonetreatment AT margaritacarmona assessmentofglialactivationresponseintheprogressofnaturalscrapieafterchronicdexamethasonetreatment AT isidroferrer assessmentofglialactivationresponseintheprogressofnaturalscrapieafterchronicdexamethasonetreatment AT juanjbadiola assessmentofglialactivationresponseintheprogressofnaturalscrapieafterchronicdexamethasonetreatment AT martamonzon assessmentofglialactivationresponseintheprogressofnaturalscrapieafterchronicdexamethasonetreatment |