Determination of Metabolomics Profiling in BPA-Induced Impaired Metabolism
Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) is unavoidable and it has far-reaching negative effects on living systems. This study aimed to explore the toxic effects of BPA in an experimental animal model through a metabolomics approach that is useful in measuring small molecule perturbations. Beside this, we also...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/11/2496 |
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| author | Maria Alvi Kanwal Rehman Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash Azka Yaqoob Syed Muhammad Shoaib |
| author_facet | Maria Alvi Kanwal Rehman Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash Azka Yaqoob Syed Muhammad Shoaib |
| author_sort | Maria Alvi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) is unavoidable and it has far-reaching negative effects on living systems. This study aimed to explore the toxic effects of BPA in an experimental animal model through a metabolomics approach that is useful in measuring small molecule perturbations. Beside this, we also examined the ameliorative effects of resveratrol (RSV) against BPA-induced disturbances in experimental mice. This study was conducted for 28 days, and the results showed that BPA indeed induced an impairment in amino acid metabolism, taking place in the mitochondria by significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) decreasing the levels of certain amino acids, i.e., taurine, threonine, asparagine, leucine, norleucine, and glutamic acid in the mice plasma. However, the administration of RSV did prove effective against the BPA-induced intoxication and significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) restored the level of free amino acids. Lipid metabolites, L-carnitine, sphinganine, phytosphingosine, and lysophosphatidylcholine were also determined in the mice serum. A significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) decline in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD,) glutathione, and catalase levels and an elevation in malondialdehyde level in the BPA group confirmed the generation of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in experimental mice exposed to BPA. The expression of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I), carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT-II), lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), carnitine O-octanoyltransferase (CROT), carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT), and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR) genes was significantly upregulated in the liver tissue homogenates of experimental mice exposed to BPA, although RSV regulated the expression of these genes when compared with BPA treated experimental mice. CPT-I, CPT-II, and CACT genes are located in the mitochondria and are involved in the metabolism and transportation of carnitine. Hence, this study confirms that BPA exposure induced oxidative stress, upregulated gene expression, and impaired lipid and amino acid metabolism in experimental mice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:04:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ce56e6ae72e741afaede5f123a61439b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:04:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-ce56e6ae72e741afaede5f123a61439b2023-11-24T09:36:49ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232022-11-011411249610.3390/pharmaceutics14112496Determination of Metabolomics Profiling in BPA-Induced Impaired MetabolismMaria Alvi0Kanwal Rehman1Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash2Azka Yaqoob3Syed Muhammad Shoaib4Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacy, The Women University, Multan 66000, PakistanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDrugs Testing Laboratory, Faisalabad, Primary & Secondary Healthcare Department, Government of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, PakistanExposure to bisphenol A (BPA) is unavoidable and it has far-reaching negative effects on living systems. This study aimed to explore the toxic effects of BPA in an experimental animal model through a metabolomics approach that is useful in measuring small molecule perturbations. Beside this, we also examined the ameliorative effects of resveratrol (RSV) against BPA-induced disturbances in experimental mice. This study was conducted for 28 days, and the results showed that BPA indeed induced an impairment in amino acid metabolism, taking place in the mitochondria by significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) decreasing the levels of certain amino acids, i.e., taurine, threonine, asparagine, leucine, norleucine, and glutamic acid in the mice plasma. However, the administration of RSV did prove effective against the BPA-induced intoxication and significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) restored the level of free amino acids. Lipid metabolites, L-carnitine, sphinganine, phytosphingosine, and lysophosphatidylcholine were also determined in the mice serum. A significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) decline in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD,) glutathione, and catalase levels and an elevation in malondialdehyde level in the BPA group confirmed the generation of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in experimental mice exposed to BPA. The expression of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I), carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT-II), lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), carnitine O-octanoyltransferase (CROT), carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT), and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR) genes was significantly upregulated in the liver tissue homogenates of experimental mice exposed to BPA, although RSV regulated the expression of these genes when compared with BPA treated experimental mice. CPT-I, CPT-II, and CACT genes are located in the mitochondria and are involved in the metabolism and transportation of carnitine. Hence, this study confirms that BPA exposure induced oxidative stress, upregulated gene expression, and impaired lipid and amino acid metabolism in experimental mice.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/11/2496mitochondriaresveratrollipid metabolismamino acid metabolismgene expression |
| spellingShingle | Maria Alvi Kanwal Rehman Muhammad Sajid Hamid Akash Azka Yaqoob Syed Muhammad Shoaib Determination of Metabolomics Profiling in BPA-Induced Impaired Metabolism Pharmaceutics mitochondria resveratrol lipid metabolism amino acid metabolism gene expression |
| title | Determination of Metabolomics Profiling in BPA-Induced Impaired Metabolism |
| title_full | Determination of Metabolomics Profiling in BPA-Induced Impaired Metabolism |
| title_fullStr | Determination of Metabolomics Profiling in BPA-Induced Impaired Metabolism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of Metabolomics Profiling in BPA-Induced Impaired Metabolism |
| title_short | Determination of Metabolomics Profiling in BPA-Induced Impaired Metabolism |
| title_sort | determination of metabolomics profiling in bpa induced impaired metabolism |
| topic | mitochondria resveratrol lipid metabolism amino acid metabolism gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/11/2496 |
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