Synthetic and Bio-Derived Surfactants Versus Microbial Biosurfactants in the Cosmetic Industry: An Overview
This article includes an updated review of the classification, uses and side effects of surfactants for their application in the cosmetic, personal care and pharmaceutical industries. Based on their origin and composition, surfactants can be divided into three different categories: (i) synthetic sur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2371 |
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| author | Ana B. Moldes Lorena Rodríguez-López Myriam Rincón-Fontán Alejandro López-Prieto Xanel Vecino José M. Cruz |
| author_facet | Ana B. Moldes Lorena Rodríguez-López Myriam Rincón-Fontán Alejandro López-Prieto Xanel Vecino José M. Cruz |
| author_sort | Ana B. Moldes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article includes an updated review of the classification, uses and side effects of surfactants for their application in the cosmetic, personal care and pharmaceutical industries. Based on their origin and composition, surfactants can be divided into three different categories: (i) synthetic surfactants; (ii) bio-based surfactants; and (iii) microbial biosurfactants. The first group is the most widespread and cost-effective. It is composed of surfactants, which are synthetically produced, using non-renewable sources, with a final structure that is different from the natural components of living cells. The second category comprises surfactants of intermediate biocompatibility, usually produced by chemical synthesis but integrating fats, sugars or amino acids obtained from renewable sources into their structure. Finally, the third group of surfactants, designated as microbial biosurfactants, are considered the most biocompatible and eco-friendly, as they are produced by living cells, mostly bacteria and yeasts, without the intermediation of organic synthesis. Based on the information included in this review it would be interesting for cosmetic, personal care and pharmaceutical industries to consider microbial biosurfactants as a group apart from surfactants, needing specific regulations, as they are less toxic and more biocompatible than chemical surfactants having formulations that are more biocompatible and greener. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:21:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ce6873054af341d990b76e337f34a5cf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:21:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ce6873054af341d990b76e337f34a5cf2023-12-03T11:48:30ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-02-01225237110.3390/ijms22052371Synthetic and Bio-Derived Surfactants Versus Microbial Biosurfactants in the Cosmetic Industry: An OverviewAna B. Moldes0Lorena Rodríguez-López1Myriam Rincón-Fontán2Alejandro López-Prieto3Xanel Vecino4José M. Cruz5Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering—Cintecx, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainChemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering—Cintecx, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainChemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering—Cintecx, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainChemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering—Cintecx, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainChemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering—Cintecx, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainChemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering—Cintecx, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainThis article includes an updated review of the classification, uses and side effects of surfactants for their application in the cosmetic, personal care and pharmaceutical industries. Based on their origin and composition, surfactants can be divided into three different categories: (i) synthetic surfactants; (ii) bio-based surfactants; and (iii) microbial biosurfactants. The first group is the most widespread and cost-effective. It is composed of surfactants, which are synthetically produced, using non-renewable sources, with a final structure that is different from the natural components of living cells. The second category comprises surfactants of intermediate biocompatibility, usually produced by chemical synthesis but integrating fats, sugars or amino acids obtained from renewable sources into their structure. Finally, the third group of surfactants, designated as microbial biosurfactants, are considered the most biocompatible and eco-friendly, as they are produced by living cells, mostly bacteria and yeasts, without the intermediation of organic synthesis. Based on the information included in this review it would be interesting for cosmetic, personal care and pharmaceutical industries to consider microbial biosurfactants as a group apart from surfactants, needing specific regulations, as they are less toxic and more biocompatible than chemical surfactants having formulations that are more biocompatible and greener.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2371petroleum-based surfactantsbio-based surfactantsmicrobial surfactantscosmeticsindustrial application |
| spellingShingle | Ana B. Moldes Lorena Rodríguez-López Myriam Rincón-Fontán Alejandro López-Prieto Xanel Vecino José M. Cruz Synthetic and Bio-Derived Surfactants Versus Microbial Biosurfactants in the Cosmetic Industry: An Overview International Journal of Molecular Sciences petroleum-based surfactants bio-based surfactants microbial surfactants cosmetics industrial application |
| title | Synthetic and Bio-Derived Surfactants Versus Microbial Biosurfactants in the Cosmetic Industry: An Overview |
| title_full | Synthetic and Bio-Derived Surfactants Versus Microbial Biosurfactants in the Cosmetic Industry: An Overview |
| title_fullStr | Synthetic and Bio-Derived Surfactants Versus Microbial Biosurfactants in the Cosmetic Industry: An Overview |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthetic and Bio-Derived Surfactants Versus Microbial Biosurfactants in the Cosmetic Industry: An Overview |
| title_short | Synthetic and Bio-Derived Surfactants Versus Microbial Biosurfactants in the Cosmetic Industry: An Overview |
| title_sort | synthetic and bio derived surfactants versus microbial biosurfactants in the cosmetic industry an overview |
| topic | petroleum-based surfactants bio-based surfactants microbial surfactants cosmetics industrial application |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2371 |
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