Retrospective Genomic Surveillance of Chikungunya Transmission in Minas Gerais State, Southeast Brazil
ABSTRACT Brazil accounted for a total number of 1,276,194 reported cases of chikungunya fever between 2014 and 2022. Additionally, since 2015, the country has experienced an increasing death toll, in which the Northeast and Southeast regions appear to report the worst scenarios. Although the CHIKV t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
American Society for Microbiology
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Microbiology Spectrum |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.01285-22 |
| _version_ | 1797989992657584128 |
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| author | Hegger Fritsch Marta Giovanetti Joilson Xavier Talita Emile Ribeiro Adelino Vagner Fonseca Jaqueline Góes de Jesus Ronaldo de Jesus Carla Freitas Cassio Roberto Leonel Peterka Carlos Frederico Campelo de Albuquerque Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha Erniria Carvalhais Silva Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara Felipe Campos de Melo Iani |
| author_facet | Hegger Fritsch Marta Giovanetti Joilson Xavier Talita Emile Ribeiro Adelino Vagner Fonseca Jaqueline Góes de Jesus Ronaldo de Jesus Carla Freitas Cassio Roberto Leonel Peterka Carlos Frederico Campelo de Albuquerque Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha Erniria Carvalhais Silva Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara Felipe Campos de Melo Iani |
| author_sort | Hegger Fritsch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Brazil accounted for a total number of 1,276,194 reported cases of chikungunya fever between 2014 and 2022. Additionally, since 2015, the country has experienced an increasing death toll, in which the Northeast and Southeast regions appear to report the worst scenarios. Although the CHIKV transmission dynamics have been studied in many parts of the country since its introduction in 2014, little is still known about chikungunya virus (CHIKV) transmission and genetic diversity in the state of Minas Gerais, located in southeast Brazil. Moreover, no studies have been published characterizing CHIKV genomic surveillance in this state. Thus, to retrospectively explore the CHIKV epidemic in Minas Gerais, we generated 40 genomes from clinical samples using Nanopore sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that multiple introductions of CHIKV occurred, likely from the northeastern Brazilian states, with the most recent common ancestral strain dating to early March 2016, which is in agreement with local epidemiological reports. Additionally, epidemiological data reveals a decline in the number of reported cases from 2017 to 2021, indicating that population immunity or changes in vector activity may have contributed to the decreasing waves of CHIKV infection. Together, our results shed light on the dispersion dynamics of CHIKV and show that infections decreased from March 2017 to January 2021 despite multiple introductions into Minas Gerais State. In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of combining genomic and epidemiological data in order to assist public health laboratories in monitoring and understanding the patterns and diversity of mosquito-borne viral epidemics. IMPORTANCE Arbovirus infections in Brazil, including chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika, result in considerable morbidity and mortality and are pressing public health concerns. However, our understanding of these outbreaks is hampered by the limited availability of genomic data. In this study, we combine epidemiological analysis and portable genome sequencing to retrospectively describe the CHIKV epidemic in Minas Gerais between 2017 and 2021. Our results indicate that the East/Central/South African (ECSA) CHIKV lineage was introduced into Minas Gerais by three distinct events, likely from the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. Our study provides an understanding of how CHIKV initiates transmission in the region and illustrates that genomics in the field can augment traditional approaches to infectious disease surveillance and control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:28:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ce697b4a16c54f749fd0f2ca7593e270 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2165-0497 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T08:28:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbiology Spectrum |
| spelling | doaj.art-ce697b4a16c54f749fd0f2ca7593e2702022-12-22T04:34:37ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologyMicrobiology Spectrum2165-04972022-10-0110510.1128/spectrum.01285-22Retrospective Genomic Surveillance of Chikungunya Transmission in Minas Gerais State, Southeast BrazilHegger Fritsch0Marta Giovanetti1Joilson Xavier2Talita Emile Ribeiro Adelino3Vagner Fonseca4Jaqueline Góes de Jesus5Ronaldo de Jesus6Carla Freitas7Cassio Roberto Leonel Peterka8Carlos Frederico Campelo de Albuquerque9Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis10Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha11Erniria Carvalhais Silva12Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara13Felipe Campos de Melo Iani14Laboratorio de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratorio de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratorio de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilOrganização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Organização Mundial da Saúde, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BrazilLaboratório de Patologia Experimental, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundacão Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, BrazilCoordenação Geral dos Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BrazilCoordenação Geral dos Laboratórios de Saúde Pública, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BrazilCoordenação Geral das Arboviroses, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde (CGARB/SVS-MS), Brasília, Distrito Federal, BrazilOrganização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Organização Mundial da Saúde, Brasília, Distrito Federal, BrazilLaboratorio de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilFundação Oswaldo Cruz, Bio-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilCoordenadoria Estadual de Vigilância das Arboviroses, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilLaboratorio de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, BrazilABSTRACT Brazil accounted for a total number of 1,276,194 reported cases of chikungunya fever between 2014 and 2022. Additionally, since 2015, the country has experienced an increasing death toll, in which the Northeast and Southeast regions appear to report the worst scenarios. Although the CHIKV transmission dynamics have been studied in many parts of the country since its introduction in 2014, little is still known about chikungunya virus (CHIKV) transmission and genetic diversity in the state of Minas Gerais, located in southeast Brazil. Moreover, no studies have been published characterizing CHIKV genomic surveillance in this state. Thus, to retrospectively explore the CHIKV epidemic in Minas Gerais, we generated 40 genomes from clinical samples using Nanopore sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that multiple introductions of CHIKV occurred, likely from the northeastern Brazilian states, with the most recent common ancestral strain dating to early March 2016, which is in agreement with local epidemiological reports. Additionally, epidemiological data reveals a decline in the number of reported cases from 2017 to 2021, indicating that population immunity or changes in vector activity may have contributed to the decreasing waves of CHIKV infection. Together, our results shed light on the dispersion dynamics of CHIKV and show that infections decreased from March 2017 to January 2021 despite multiple introductions into Minas Gerais State. In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of combining genomic and epidemiological data in order to assist public health laboratories in monitoring and understanding the patterns and diversity of mosquito-borne viral epidemics. IMPORTANCE Arbovirus infections in Brazil, including chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika, result in considerable morbidity and mortality and are pressing public health concerns. However, our understanding of these outbreaks is hampered by the limited availability of genomic data. In this study, we combine epidemiological analysis and portable genome sequencing to retrospectively describe the CHIKV epidemic in Minas Gerais between 2017 and 2021. Our results indicate that the East/Central/South African (ECSA) CHIKV lineage was introduced into Minas Gerais by three distinct events, likely from the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. Our study provides an understanding of how CHIKV initiates transmission in the region and illustrates that genomics in the field can augment traditional approaches to infectious disease surveillance and control.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.01285-22CHIKVgenomic monitoringsoutheast BrazilNanopore sequencing |
| spellingShingle | Hegger Fritsch Marta Giovanetti Joilson Xavier Talita Emile Ribeiro Adelino Vagner Fonseca Jaqueline Góes de Jesus Ronaldo de Jesus Carla Freitas Cassio Roberto Leonel Peterka Carlos Frederico Campelo de Albuquerque Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha Erniria Carvalhais Silva Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara Felipe Campos de Melo Iani Retrospective Genomic Surveillance of Chikungunya Transmission in Minas Gerais State, Southeast Brazil Microbiology Spectrum CHIKV genomic monitoring southeast Brazil Nanopore sequencing |
| title | Retrospective Genomic Surveillance of Chikungunya Transmission in Minas Gerais State, Southeast Brazil |
| title_full | Retrospective Genomic Surveillance of Chikungunya Transmission in Minas Gerais State, Southeast Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Retrospective Genomic Surveillance of Chikungunya Transmission in Minas Gerais State, Southeast Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Retrospective Genomic Surveillance of Chikungunya Transmission in Minas Gerais State, Southeast Brazil |
| title_short | Retrospective Genomic Surveillance of Chikungunya Transmission in Minas Gerais State, Southeast Brazil |
| title_sort | retrospective genomic surveillance of chikungunya transmission in minas gerais state southeast brazil |
| topic | CHIKV genomic monitoring southeast Brazil Nanopore sequencing |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.01285-22 |
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