Atmospheric water transport connectivity within and between ocean basins and land
<p>The global atmospheric water transport from the net evaporation to the net precipitation regions has been traced using Lagrangian trajectories. A matrix has been constructed by selecting various group of trajectories based on their surface starting (net evaporation) and ending (net precipit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
| Online Access: | https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/27/481/2023/hess-27-481-2023.pdf |
| _version_ | 1828055859758891008 |
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| author | D. Dey D. Dey D. Dey A. Aldama Campino A. Aldama Campino K. Döös |
| author_facet | D. Dey D. Dey D. Dey A. Aldama Campino A. Aldama Campino K. Döös |
| author_sort | D. Dey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>The global atmospheric water transport from the net evaporation to the net precipitation regions has been traced using Lagrangian trajectories.
A matrix has been constructed by selecting various group of trajectories based on their surface starting (net evaporation) and ending (net precipitation) positions to show the connectivity of the 3-D atmospheric water transport within and between the three major ocean basins and the global landmass. The analysis reveals that a major portion of the net evaporated water precipitates back into the same region, namely 67 % for the Indian Ocean, 64 % for the Atlantic Ocean, 85 % for the Pacific Ocean and 72 % for the global landmass. It has also been calculated that 58 % of the net terrestrial precipitation was sourced from land evaporation. The net evaporation from the subtropical regions of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific oceans is found to be the primary source of atmospheric water for precipitation over the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the corresponding basins. The net evaporated waters from the subtropical and western Indian Ocean were traced as the source for precipitation over the South Asian and eastern African landmass, while Atlantic Ocean waters are responsible for rainfall over North Asia and western Africa. Atlantic storm tracks were identified as the carrier of atmospheric water that precipitates over Europe, while the Pacific storm tracks were responsible for North American, eastern Asian and Australian precipitation. The bulk of South and Central American precipitation is found to have its source in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. The land-to-land atmospheric water transport is pronounced over the Amazon basin, western coast of South America, Congo basin, northeastern Asia, Canada and Greenland. The ocean-to-land and land-to-ocean water transport through the atmosphere was computed to be <span class="inline-formula">2×10<sup>9</sup></span> and <span class="inline-formula">1×10<sup>9</sup></span> kg s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, respectively. The difference between them (net ocean-to-land transport), i.e. <span class="inline-formula">1×10<sup>9</sup></span> kg s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, is transported to land. This net transport is approximately the same as found in previous estimates which were calculated from the global surface water budget.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:45:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ce754d1076b94f59b92c9013b40dbd1d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1027-5606 1607-7938 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:45:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ce754d1076b94f59b92c9013b40dbd1d2023-01-24T09:18:07ZengCopernicus PublicationsHydrology and Earth System Sciences1027-56061607-79382023-01-012748149310.5194/hess-27-481-2023Atmospheric water transport connectivity within and between ocean basins and landD. Dey0D. Dey1D. Dey2A. Aldama Campino3A. Aldama Campino4K. Döös5School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UKCollege of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UKDepartment of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenSwedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, SwedenDepartment of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden<p>The global atmospheric water transport from the net evaporation to the net precipitation regions has been traced using Lagrangian trajectories. A matrix has been constructed by selecting various group of trajectories based on their surface starting (net evaporation) and ending (net precipitation) positions to show the connectivity of the 3-D atmospheric water transport within and between the three major ocean basins and the global landmass. The analysis reveals that a major portion of the net evaporated water precipitates back into the same region, namely 67 % for the Indian Ocean, 64 % for the Atlantic Ocean, 85 % for the Pacific Ocean and 72 % for the global landmass. It has also been calculated that 58 % of the net terrestrial precipitation was sourced from land evaporation. The net evaporation from the subtropical regions of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific oceans is found to be the primary source of atmospheric water for precipitation over the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the corresponding basins. The net evaporated waters from the subtropical and western Indian Ocean were traced as the source for precipitation over the South Asian and eastern African landmass, while Atlantic Ocean waters are responsible for rainfall over North Asia and western Africa. Atlantic storm tracks were identified as the carrier of atmospheric water that precipitates over Europe, while the Pacific storm tracks were responsible for North American, eastern Asian and Australian precipitation. The bulk of South and Central American precipitation is found to have its source in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. The land-to-land atmospheric water transport is pronounced over the Amazon basin, western coast of South America, Congo basin, northeastern Asia, Canada and Greenland. The ocean-to-land and land-to-ocean water transport through the atmosphere was computed to be <span class="inline-formula">2×10<sup>9</sup></span> and <span class="inline-formula">1×10<sup>9</sup></span> kg s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, respectively. The difference between them (net ocean-to-land transport), i.e. <span class="inline-formula">1×10<sup>9</sup></span> kg s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, is transported to land. This net transport is approximately the same as found in previous estimates which were calculated from the global surface water budget.</p>https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/27/481/2023/hess-27-481-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | D. Dey D. Dey D. Dey A. Aldama Campino A. Aldama Campino K. Döös Atmospheric water transport connectivity within and between ocean basins and land Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
| title | Atmospheric water transport connectivity within and between ocean basins and land |
| title_full | Atmospheric water transport connectivity within and between ocean basins and land |
| title_fullStr | Atmospheric water transport connectivity within and between ocean basins and land |
| title_full_unstemmed | Atmospheric water transport connectivity within and between ocean basins and land |
| title_short | Atmospheric water transport connectivity within and between ocean basins and land |
| title_sort | atmospheric water transport connectivity within and between ocean basins and land |
| url | https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/27/481/2023/hess-27-481-2023.pdf |
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