Hard and Soft Protein Corona of Nanomaterials: Analysis and Relevance
Upon contact with a biological milieu, nanomaterials tend to interact with biomolecules present in the media, especially proteins, leading to the formation of the so-called “protein corona”. As a result of these nanomaterial–protein interactions, the bio-identity of the nanomaterial is altered, whic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/4/888 |
| _version_ | 1797539427664265216 |
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| author | Rafaela García-Álvarez María Vallet-Regí |
| author_facet | Rafaela García-Álvarez María Vallet-Regí |
| author_sort | Rafaela García-Álvarez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Upon contact with a biological milieu, nanomaterials tend to interact with biomolecules present in the media, especially proteins, leading to the formation of the so-called “protein corona”. As a result of these nanomaterial–protein interactions, the bio-identity of the nanomaterial is altered, which is translated into modifications of its behavior, fate, and pharmacological profile. For biomedical applications, it is fundamental to understand the biological behavior of nanomaterials prior to any clinical translation. For these reasons, during the last decade, numerous publications have been focused on the investigation of the protein corona of many different types of nanomaterials. Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that the structure of the protein corona can be divided into hard and soft corona, depending on the affinity of the proteins for the nanoparticle surface. In the present document, we explore the differences between these two protein coronas, review the analysis techniques used for their assessment, and reflect on their relevance for medical purposes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:45:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ce83f07e443f46d4a6324d3bab98a6e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:45:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-ce83f07e443f46d4a6324d3bab98a6e02023-11-21T13:33:18ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-03-0111488810.3390/nano11040888Hard and Soft Protein Corona of Nanomaterials: Analysis and RelevanceRafaela García-Álvarez0María Vallet-Regí1Departamento Química en Ciencias Farmaceúticas, Unidad de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartamento Química en Ciencias Farmaceúticas, Unidad de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainUpon contact with a biological milieu, nanomaterials tend to interact with biomolecules present in the media, especially proteins, leading to the formation of the so-called “protein corona”. As a result of these nanomaterial–protein interactions, the bio-identity of the nanomaterial is altered, which is translated into modifications of its behavior, fate, and pharmacological profile. For biomedical applications, it is fundamental to understand the biological behavior of nanomaterials prior to any clinical translation. For these reasons, during the last decade, numerous publications have been focused on the investigation of the protein corona of many different types of nanomaterials. Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that the structure of the protein corona can be divided into hard and soft corona, depending on the affinity of the proteins for the nanoparticle surface. In the present document, we explore the differences between these two protein coronas, review the analysis techniques used for their assessment, and reflect on their relevance for medical purposes.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/4/888protein coronahard coronasoft coronaanalytical techniques |
| spellingShingle | Rafaela García-Álvarez María Vallet-Regí Hard and Soft Protein Corona of Nanomaterials: Analysis and Relevance Nanomaterials protein corona hard corona soft corona analytical techniques |
| title | Hard and Soft Protein Corona of Nanomaterials: Analysis and Relevance |
| title_full | Hard and Soft Protein Corona of Nanomaterials: Analysis and Relevance |
| title_fullStr | Hard and Soft Protein Corona of Nanomaterials: Analysis and Relevance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hard and Soft Protein Corona of Nanomaterials: Analysis and Relevance |
| title_short | Hard and Soft Protein Corona of Nanomaterials: Analysis and Relevance |
| title_sort | hard and soft protein corona of nanomaterials analysis and relevance |
| topic | protein corona hard corona soft corona analytical techniques |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/4/888 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rafaelagarciaalvarez hardandsoftproteincoronaofnanomaterialsanalysisandrelevance AT mariavalletregi hardandsoftproteincoronaofnanomaterialsanalysisandrelevance |