Lithium Separation from Geothermal Brine to Develop Critical Energy Resources Using High-Pressure Nanofiltration Technology: Characterization and Optimization
There is a shift from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles (EVs), with the primary goal of reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from road transport. Battery technology is at the heart of this transition as it is vital to hybrid and fully electric vehicles’ performance, affordabi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Membranes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/1/86 |
| _version_ | 1797438892433997824 |
|---|---|
| author | Sutijan Sutijan Stevanus Adi Darma Christopher Mario Hananto Vincent Sutresno Hadi Sujoto Ferian Anggara Siti Nurul Aisyiyah Jenie Widi Astuti Fika Rofiek Mufakhir Shinta Virdian Andhika Putera Utama Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus |
| author_facet | Sutijan Sutijan Stevanus Adi Darma Christopher Mario Hananto Vincent Sutresno Hadi Sujoto Ferian Anggara Siti Nurul Aisyiyah Jenie Widi Astuti Fika Rofiek Mufakhir Shinta Virdian Andhika Putera Utama Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus |
| author_sort | Sutijan Sutijan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is a shift from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles (EVs), with the primary goal of reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from road transport. Battery technology is at the heart of this transition as it is vital to hybrid and fully electric vehicles’ performance, affordability, and reliability. However, it is not abundant in nature. Lithium has many uses, one of which is heat transfer applications; synthesized as an alloying agent for batteries, glass, and ceramics, it therefore has a high demand on the global market. Lithium can be attained by extraction from other natural resources in igneous rocks, in the waters of mineral springs, and geothermal brine. During the research, geothermal brine was used because, from the technological point of view, geothermal brine contains higher lithium content than other resources such as seawater. The nanofiltration separation process was operated using various solutions of pH 5, 7, and 10 at high pressures. The varying pressures are 11, 13, and 15 bar. The nanofiltration method was used as the separation process. High pressure of inert nitrogen gas was used to supply the driving force to separate lithium from other ions and elements in the sample. The research results supported the selected parameters where higher pressure and pH provided more significant lithium recovery but were limited by concentration polarization. The optimal operating conditions for lithium recovery in this research were obtained at a pH of 10 under a pressure of 15 bar, with the highest lithium recovery reaching more than 75%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:43:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ce952950f2aa4802b2755b3e5886a692 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:43:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-ce952950f2aa4802b2755b3e5886a6922023-11-30T23:27:01ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752023-01-011318610.3390/membranes13010086Lithium Separation from Geothermal Brine to Develop Critical Energy Resources Using High-Pressure Nanofiltration Technology: Characterization and OptimizationSutijan Sutijan0Stevanus Adi Darma1Christopher Mario Hananto2Vincent Sutresno Hadi Sujoto3Ferian Anggara4Siti Nurul Aisyiyah Jenie5Widi Astuti6Fika Rofiek Mufakhir7Shinta Virdian8Andhika Putera Utama9Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus10Chemical Engineering Department, Sustainable Mineral Processing Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaChemical Engineering Department, Sustainable Mineral Processing Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaChemical Engineering Department, Sustainable Mineral Processing Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaChemical Engineering Department, Sustainable Mineral Processing Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaGeological Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaResearch Centre for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek Building 452, Tangerang Selatan 15314, IndonesiaResearch Centre for Mineral Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Ir. Sutami Km. 15, Tanjung Bintang 35361, IndonesiaResearch Centre for Mineral Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Ir. Sutami Km. 15, Tanjung Bintang 35361, IndonesiaBalai Besar Logam dan Mesin, Ministry of Industry, Jalan Sangkuriang No. 12, Bandung 40135, IndonesiaPT. Geo Dipa Energi, Jl. Dieng RT 01 RW 01, Desa Sikunang, Kabupaten Wonosobo 53456, IndonesiaChemical Engineering Department, Sustainable Mineral Processing Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaThere is a shift from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles (EVs), with the primary goal of reducing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from road transport. Battery technology is at the heart of this transition as it is vital to hybrid and fully electric vehicles’ performance, affordability, and reliability. However, it is not abundant in nature. Lithium has many uses, one of which is heat transfer applications; synthesized as an alloying agent for batteries, glass, and ceramics, it therefore has a high demand on the global market. Lithium can be attained by extraction from other natural resources in igneous rocks, in the waters of mineral springs, and geothermal brine. During the research, geothermal brine was used because, from the technological point of view, geothermal brine contains higher lithium content than other resources such as seawater. The nanofiltration separation process was operated using various solutions of pH 5, 7, and 10 at high pressures. The varying pressures are 11, 13, and 15 bar. The nanofiltration method was used as the separation process. High pressure of inert nitrogen gas was used to supply the driving force to separate lithium from other ions and elements in the sample. The research results supported the selected parameters where higher pressure and pH provided more significant lithium recovery but were limited by concentration polarization. The optimal operating conditions for lithium recovery in this research were obtained at a pH of 10 under a pressure of 15 bar, with the highest lithium recovery reaching more than 75%.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/1/86geothermal brinegreen energyhigh pressurelithiumnanofiltration |
| spellingShingle | Sutijan Sutijan Stevanus Adi Darma Christopher Mario Hananto Vincent Sutresno Hadi Sujoto Ferian Anggara Siti Nurul Aisyiyah Jenie Widi Astuti Fika Rofiek Mufakhir Shinta Virdian Andhika Putera Utama Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus Lithium Separation from Geothermal Brine to Develop Critical Energy Resources Using High-Pressure Nanofiltration Technology: Characterization and Optimization Membranes geothermal brine green energy high pressure lithium nanofiltration |
| title | Lithium Separation from Geothermal Brine to Develop Critical Energy Resources Using High-Pressure Nanofiltration Technology: Characterization and Optimization |
| title_full | Lithium Separation from Geothermal Brine to Develop Critical Energy Resources Using High-Pressure Nanofiltration Technology: Characterization and Optimization |
| title_fullStr | Lithium Separation from Geothermal Brine to Develop Critical Energy Resources Using High-Pressure Nanofiltration Technology: Characterization and Optimization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lithium Separation from Geothermal Brine to Develop Critical Energy Resources Using High-Pressure Nanofiltration Technology: Characterization and Optimization |
| title_short | Lithium Separation from Geothermal Brine to Develop Critical Energy Resources Using High-Pressure Nanofiltration Technology: Characterization and Optimization |
| title_sort | lithium separation from geothermal brine to develop critical energy resources using high pressure nanofiltration technology characterization and optimization |
| topic | geothermal brine green energy high pressure lithium nanofiltration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/13/1/86 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sutijansutijan lithiumseparationfromgeothermalbrinetodevelopcriticalenergyresourcesusinghighpressurenanofiltrationtechnologycharacterizationandoptimization AT stevanusadidarma lithiumseparationfromgeothermalbrinetodevelopcriticalenergyresourcesusinghighpressurenanofiltrationtechnologycharacterizationandoptimization AT christophermariohananto lithiumseparationfromgeothermalbrinetodevelopcriticalenergyresourcesusinghighpressurenanofiltrationtechnologycharacterizationandoptimization AT vincentsutresnohadisujoto lithiumseparationfromgeothermalbrinetodevelopcriticalenergyresourcesusinghighpressurenanofiltrationtechnologycharacterizationandoptimization AT feriananggara lithiumseparationfromgeothermalbrinetodevelopcriticalenergyresourcesusinghighpressurenanofiltrationtechnologycharacterizationandoptimization AT sitinurulaisyiyahjenie lithiumseparationfromgeothermalbrinetodevelopcriticalenergyresourcesusinghighpressurenanofiltrationtechnologycharacterizationandoptimization AT widiastuti lithiumseparationfromgeothermalbrinetodevelopcriticalenergyresourcesusinghighpressurenanofiltrationtechnologycharacterizationandoptimization AT fikarofiekmufakhir lithiumseparationfromgeothermalbrinetodevelopcriticalenergyresourcesusinghighpressurenanofiltrationtechnologycharacterizationandoptimization AT shintavirdian lithiumseparationfromgeothermalbrinetodevelopcriticalenergyresourcesusinghighpressurenanofiltrationtechnologycharacterizationandoptimization AT andhikaputerautama lithiumseparationfromgeothermalbrinetodevelopcriticalenergyresourcesusinghighpressurenanofiltrationtechnologycharacterizationandoptimization AT himawantribayumurtipetrus lithiumseparationfromgeothermalbrinetodevelopcriticalenergyresourcesusinghighpressurenanofiltrationtechnologycharacterizationandoptimization |