The Intestinal Mycobiota in Wild Zebrafish Comprises Mainly Dothideomycetes While Saccharomycetes Predominate in Their Laboratory-Reared Counterparts
As an integral part of the resident microbial community of fish intestinal tract, the mycobiota is expected to play important roles in health and disease resistance of the host. The composition of the diverse fungal communities, which colonize the intestine, is greatly influenced by the host, their...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00387/full |
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| author | Prabhugouda Siriyappagouder Viswanath Kiron Jep Lokesh Moger Rajeish Martina Kopp Jorge Fernandes |
| author_facet | Prabhugouda Siriyappagouder Viswanath Kiron Jep Lokesh Moger Rajeish Martina Kopp Jorge Fernandes |
| author_sort | Prabhugouda Siriyappagouder |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As an integral part of the resident microbial community of fish intestinal tract, the mycobiota is expected to play important roles in health and disease resistance of the host. The composition of the diverse fungal communities, which colonize the intestine, is greatly influenced by the host, their diet and geographic origin. Studies of fungal communities are rare and the majority of previous studies have relied on culture-based methods. In particular, fungal communities in fish are also poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to provide an in-depth overview of the intestinal mycobiota in a model fish species (zebrafish, Danio rerio) and to determine differences in fungal composition between wild and captive specimens. We have profiled the intestinal mycobiota of wild-caught (Sharavati River, India), laboratory-reared (Bodø, Norway) and wild-caught-laboratory-kept (Uttara, India) zebrafish by sequencing the fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 region on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Wild fish were exposed to variable environmental factors, whereas both laboratory groups were kept in controlled conditions. There were also differences in husbandry practices at Bodø and Uttara, particularly diet. Zebrafish from Bodø were reared in the laboratory for over 10 generations, while wild-caught-laboratory-kept fish from Uttara were housed in the laboratory for only 2 months before sample collection. The intestine of zebrafish contained members of more than 15 fungal classes belonging to the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota. Fungal species richness and diversity distinguished the wild-caught and laboratory-reared zebrafish communities. Wild-caught zebrafish-associated mycobiota comprised mainly Dothideomycetes in contrast to their Saccharomycetes-dominated laboratory-reared counterparts. The predominant Saccharomycetes in laboratory-reared fish belonged to the saprotrophic guild. Another characteristic feature of laboratory-reared fish was the significantly higher abundance of Cryptococcus (Tremellomycetes) compared to wild fish. This pioneer study has shed light into the differences in the intestinal fungal communities of wild-caught and laboratory-reared zebrafish and the baseline data generated will enrich our knowledge on fish mycobiota. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T21:15:20Z |
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| id | doaj.art-ce9f3fc9eccb44f4b09df636e24f8a5c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T21:15:20Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-ce9f3fc9eccb44f4b09df636e24f8a5c2022-12-21T18:50:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2018-03-01910.3389/fmicb.2018.00387324178The Intestinal Mycobiota in Wild Zebrafish Comprises Mainly Dothideomycetes While Saccharomycetes Predominate in Their Laboratory-Reared CounterpartsPrabhugouda Siriyappagouder0Viswanath Kiron1Jep Lokesh2Moger Rajeish3Martina Kopp4Jorge Fernandes5Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, NorwayFaculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, NorwayFaculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, NorwayCollege of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, IndiaFaculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, NorwayFaculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, NorwayAs an integral part of the resident microbial community of fish intestinal tract, the mycobiota is expected to play important roles in health and disease resistance of the host. The composition of the diverse fungal communities, which colonize the intestine, is greatly influenced by the host, their diet and geographic origin. Studies of fungal communities are rare and the majority of previous studies have relied on culture-based methods. In particular, fungal communities in fish are also poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to provide an in-depth overview of the intestinal mycobiota in a model fish species (zebrafish, Danio rerio) and to determine differences in fungal composition between wild and captive specimens. We have profiled the intestinal mycobiota of wild-caught (Sharavati River, India), laboratory-reared (Bodø, Norway) and wild-caught-laboratory-kept (Uttara, India) zebrafish by sequencing the fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 region on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Wild fish were exposed to variable environmental factors, whereas both laboratory groups were kept in controlled conditions. There were also differences in husbandry practices at Bodø and Uttara, particularly diet. Zebrafish from Bodø were reared in the laboratory for over 10 generations, while wild-caught-laboratory-kept fish from Uttara were housed in the laboratory for only 2 months before sample collection. The intestine of zebrafish contained members of more than 15 fungal classes belonging to the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota. Fungal species richness and diversity distinguished the wild-caught and laboratory-reared zebrafish communities. Wild-caught zebrafish-associated mycobiota comprised mainly Dothideomycetes in contrast to their Saccharomycetes-dominated laboratory-reared counterparts. The predominant Saccharomycetes in laboratory-reared fish belonged to the saprotrophic guild. Another characteristic feature of laboratory-reared fish was the significantly higher abundance of Cryptococcus (Tremellomycetes) compared to wild fish. This pioneer study has shed light into the differences in the intestinal fungal communities of wild-caught and laboratory-reared zebrafish and the baseline data generated will enrich our knowledge on fish mycobiota.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00387/fullzebrafishmycobiotayeastfungal diversityinternal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2)Illumina MiSeq |
| spellingShingle | Prabhugouda Siriyappagouder Viswanath Kiron Jep Lokesh Moger Rajeish Martina Kopp Jorge Fernandes The Intestinal Mycobiota in Wild Zebrafish Comprises Mainly Dothideomycetes While Saccharomycetes Predominate in Their Laboratory-Reared Counterparts Frontiers in Microbiology zebrafish mycobiota yeast fungal diversity internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) Illumina MiSeq |
| title | The Intestinal Mycobiota in Wild Zebrafish Comprises Mainly Dothideomycetes While Saccharomycetes Predominate in Their Laboratory-Reared Counterparts |
| title_full | The Intestinal Mycobiota in Wild Zebrafish Comprises Mainly Dothideomycetes While Saccharomycetes Predominate in Their Laboratory-Reared Counterparts |
| title_fullStr | The Intestinal Mycobiota in Wild Zebrafish Comprises Mainly Dothideomycetes While Saccharomycetes Predominate in Their Laboratory-Reared Counterparts |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Intestinal Mycobiota in Wild Zebrafish Comprises Mainly Dothideomycetes While Saccharomycetes Predominate in Their Laboratory-Reared Counterparts |
| title_short | The Intestinal Mycobiota in Wild Zebrafish Comprises Mainly Dothideomycetes While Saccharomycetes Predominate in Their Laboratory-Reared Counterparts |
| title_sort | intestinal mycobiota in wild zebrafish comprises mainly dothideomycetes while saccharomycetes predominate in their laboratory reared counterparts |
| topic | zebrafish mycobiota yeast fungal diversity internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) Illumina MiSeq |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00387/full |
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