Exogenous Application of Zinc to Mitigate the Salt Stress in <i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) Wilczek—Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Processes
Salt stress adversely affects the growth and productivity of crops. However, reports suggest that the application of various micronutrients could help the plant to cope with this stress. Hence, the objective of the study was to examine the effect of exogenous application of Zinc (Zn) on salt toleran...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/5/1005 |
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| author | Hassan S. Al-Zahrani Hesham F. Alharby Khalid Rehman Hakeem Reiaz Ul Rehman |
| author_facet | Hassan S. Al-Zahrani Hesham F. Alharby Khalid Rehman Hakeem Reiaz Ul Rehman |
| author_sort | Hassan S. Al-Zahrani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salt stress adversely affects the growth and productivity of crops. However, reports suggest that the application of various micronutrients could help the plant to cope with this stress. Hence, the objective of the study was to examine the effect of exogenous application of Zinc (Zn) on salt tolerance in <i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) Wilczek (mungbean). Mungbean is considered to be an economically important crop and possess a strategic position in Southeast Asian countries for sustainable crop production. It is rich in quality proteins, minerals and vitamins. Three weeks old grown seedlings were subjected to NaCl (150 mM and 200 mM) alone or with Zn (250 µM). After 21 days of treatment, plants were harvested for investigating morphological, physiological and biochemical changes. We found that the Zn application mitigates the negative effect upon plant growth to a variable extent. This may be attributed to the increased shoot and root length, improved chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, enhanced total soluble sugar (TSS), total soluble protein (TSP) and proline accumulation, decreased H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> content and increased enzymatic antioxidant activities. Zn’s application improved the performance of the enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) of the secondary metabolism, which resulted in the improvement of total phenol and flavonoids. The antioxidant activities such as 1,1diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) and ferrous reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) of the plants also showed improved results in their salt only treatments. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and superoxide radical (SOD) scavenging activity were also improved upon the application of 250 µM zinc. Thus, Zn application in low doses offers promising potential for recovering plants suffering from salinity stress. In conclusion, we assume that zinc application improved salt tolerance in mungbean through the improvement of various physiological and photochemical processes which could prove to be useful in nutrient mediated management for crop improvement. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:18:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-cea934101d7c4c138cf467e9ef47e7992023-11-21T20:14:05ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-05-01105100510.3390/plants10051005Exogenous Application of Zinc to Mitigate the Salt Stress in <i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) Wilczek—Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical ProcessesHassan S. Al-Zahrani0Hesham F. Alharby1Khalid Rehman Hakeem2Reiaz Ul Rehman3Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, IndiaSalt stress adversely affects the growth and productivity of crops. However, reports suggest that the application of various micronutrients could help the plant to cope with this stress. Hence, the objective of the study was to examine the effect of exogenous application of Zinc (Zn) on salt tolerance in <i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) Wilczek (mungbean). Mungbean is considered to be an economically important crop and possess a strategic position in Southeast Asian countries for sustainable crop production. It is rich in quality proteins, minerals and vitamins. Three weeks old grown seedlings were subjected to NaCl (150 mM and 200 mM) alone or with Zn (250 µM). After 21 days of treatment, plants were harvested for investigating morphological, physiological and biochemical changes. We found that the Zn application mitigates the negative effect upon plant growth to a variable extent. This may be attributed to the increased shoot and root length, improved chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, enhanced total soluble sugar (TSS), total soluble protein (TSP) and proline accumulation, decreased H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> content and increased enzymatic antioxidant activities. Zn’s application improved the performance of the enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) of the secondary metabolism, which resulted in the improvement of total phenol and flavonoids. The antioxidant activities such as 1,1diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) and ferrous reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) of the plants also showed improved results in their salt only treatments. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and superoxide radical (SOD) scavenging activity were also improved upon the application of 250 µM zinc. Thus, Zn application in low doses offers promising potential for recovering plants suffering from salinity stress. In conclusion, we assume that zinc application improved salt tolerance in mungbean through the improvement of various physiological and photochemical processes which could prove to be useful in nutrient mediated management for crop improvement.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/5/1005antioxidantsphenylalanine ammonia-lyasereactive oxygen speciessalinitytyrosine ammonia-lyasezinc |
| spellingShingle | Hassan S. Al-Zahrani Hesham F. Alharby Khalid Rehman Hakeem Reiaz Ul Rehman Exogenous Application of Zinc to Mitigate the Salt Stress in <i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) Wilczek—Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Processes Plants antioxidants phenylalanine ammonia-lyase reactive oxygen species salinity tyrosine ammonia-lyase zinc |
| title | Exogenous Application of Zinc to Mitigate the Salt Stress in <i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) Wilczek—Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Processes |
| title_full | Exogenous Application of Zinc to Mitigate the Salt Stress in <i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) Wilczek—Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Processes |
| title_fullStr | Exogenous Application of Zinc to Mitigate the Salt Stress in <i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) Wilczek—Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Processes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exogenous Application of Zinc to Mitigate the Salt Stress in <i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) Wilczek—Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Processes |
| title_short | Exogenous Application of Zinc to Mitigate the Salt Stress in <i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) Wilczek—Evaluation of Physiological and Biochemical Processes |
| title_sort | exogenous application of zinc to mitigate the salt stress in i vigna radiata i l wilczek evaluation of physiological and biochemical processes |
| topic | antioxidants phenylalanine ammonia-lyase reactive oxygen species salinity tyrosine ammonia-lyase zinc |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/5/1005 |
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