Are there Metacognitivists in the Fox Hole? A Preliminary Test of Information Seeking in an Arctic Fox (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>)
Over the last two decades, evidence has accrued that at least some nonhuman animals possess metacognitive abilities. However, of the carnivores, only domestic dogs have been tested. Although rarely represented in the psychological literature, foxes are good candidates for metacognition given that th...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Behavioral Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/10/5/81 |
| _version_ | 1797569596489728000 |
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| author | Taryn Eaton Patricia Billette Jennifer Vonk |
| author_facet | Taryn Eaton Patricia Billette Jennifer Vonk |
| author_sort | Taryn Eaton |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Over the last two decades, evidence has accrued that at least some nonhuman animals possess metacognitive abilities. However, of the carnivores, only domestic dogs have been tested. Although rarely represented in the psychological literature, foxes are good candidates for metacognition given that they cache their food. Two experiments assessed metacognition in one male arctic fox (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>) for the first time. An information-seeking paradigm was used, in which the subject had the opportunity to discover which compartment was baited before making a choice by looking through a transparent window in the apparatus. In the first experiment, choice accuracy during seen trials was equal to choice accuracy on unseen trials. Importantly, there was no significant difference between the subject’s looking behavior on seen versus unseen trials. In the second experiment, with chance probabilities reduced, the subject’s choice accuracy on both seen and unseen trials was below chance. The subject did not exhibit looking behavior in any of the trials. Latencies to choose were not influenced by whether he witnessed baiting. Although we did not obtain evidence of metacognition in our tests of a single subject, we maintain that foxes may be good candidates for further tests using similar methodologies to those introduced here. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:12:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ceaba76d51c9401fb318b4ce89d691f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-328X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:12:49Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Behavioral Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-ceaba76d51c9401fb318b4ce89d691f22023-11-19T22:47:18ZengMDPI AGBehavioral Sciences2076-328X2020-04-011058110.3390/bs10050081Are there Metacognitivists in the Fox Hole? A Preliminary Test of Information Seeking in an Arctic Fox (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>)Taryn Eaton0Patricia Billette1Jennifer Vonk2Psychology Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USAAnimal Care, The Creature Conservancy, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USAPsychology Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USAOver the last two decades, evidence has accrued that at least some nonhuman animals possess metacognitive abilities. However, of the carnivores, only domestic dogs have been tested. Although rarely represented in the psychological literature, foxes are good candidates for metacognition given that they cache their food. Two experiments assessed metacognition in one male arctic fox (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>) for the first time. An information-seeking paradigm was used, in which the subject had the opportunity to discover which compartment was baited before making a choice by looking through a transparent window in the apparatus. In the first experiment, choice accuracy during seen trials was equal to choice accuracy on unseen trials. Importantly, there was no significant difference between the subject’s looking behavior on seen versus unseen trials. In the second experiment, with chance probabilities reduced, the subject’s choice accuracy on both seen and unseen trials was below chance. The subject did not exhibit looking behavior in any of the trials. Latencies to choose were not influenced by whether he witnessed baiting. Although we did not obtain evidence of metacognition in our tests of a single subject, we maintain that foxes may be good candidates for further tests using similar methodologies to those introduced here.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/10/5/81arctic foxinformation seekingmetacognitioncarnivore |
| spellingShingle | Taryn Eaton Patricia Billette Jennifer Vonk Are there Metacognitivists in the Fox Hole? A Preliminary Test of Information Seeking in an Arctic Fox (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>) Behavioral Sciences arctic fox information seeking metacognition carnivore |
| title | Are there Metacognitivists in the Fox Hole? A Preliminary Test of Information Seeking in an Arctic Fox (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>) |
| title_full | Are there Metacognitivists in the Fox Hole? A Preliminary Test of Information Seeking in an Arctic Fox (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Are there Metacognitivists in the Fox Hole? A Preliminary Test of Information Seeking in an Arctic Fox (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Are there Metacognitivists in the Fox Hole? A Preliminary Test of Information Seeking in an Arctic Fox (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>) |
| title_short | Are there Metacognitivists in the Fox Hole? A Preliminary Test of Information Seeking in an Arctic Fox (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>) |
| title_sort | are there metacognitivists in the fox hole a preliminary test of information seeking in an arctic fox i vulpes lagopus i |
| topic | arctic fox information seeking metacognition carnivore |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/10/5/81 |
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