| Summary: | Acute respiratory disease COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus demonstrate weak clinical manifestation in most patients. However, pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in some cases may cause serious problems due to the lack of effective etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy. Presumably, SARS-CoV-2 leads to the delayed type I interferon activation and loss of control over virus replication in the early stages of infection, which is why the adaptive CD8+T-cell response must be controlled to avoid the development of pulmonary pathology. These data should be taken into account when developing strategies for COVID-19 therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells therapy serves as possible treatment opportunity for severe forms of the disease due to their homing, pronounced anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties. It was found that in viral infections, including COVID-19, mesenchymal stem cells can synthesize antiviral defense mediators under the influence of interferon causing resistance to viruses. Thus, mesenchymal stem cells are able to provide comprehensive anti-inflammatory protection, which leads to clinical improvement in patients with COVID-19.
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