Bovine Colostrum for Human Consumption—Improving Microbial Quality and Maintaining Bioactive Characteristics through Processing
The main purpose of bovine colostrum, being the milk secreted by a cow after giving birth, is to transfer passive immunity to the calf. The calves have an immature immune system as they lack immunoglobulins (Igs). Subsequently, the supply of good quality bovine colostrum is required. The quality of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Dairy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-862X/2/4/44 |
| _version_ | 1797505563307802624 |
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| author | Sylvia Fasse Jarmo Alarinta Björn Frahm Gun Wirtanen |
| author_facet | Sylvia Fasse Jarmo Alarinta Björn Frahm Gun Wirtanen |
| author_sort | Sylvia Fasse |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The main purpose of bovine colostrum, being the milk secreted by a cow after giving birth, is to transfer passive immunity to the calf. The calves have an immature immune system as they lack immunoglobulins (Igs). Subsequently, the supply of good quality bovine colostrum is required. The quality of colostrum is classified by low bacterial counts and adequate Ig concentrations. Bacterial contamination can contain a variety of human pathogens or high counts of spoilage bacteria, which has become more challenging with the emerging use of bovine colostrum as food and food supplements. There is also a growing risk for the spread of zoonotic diseases originating from bovines. For this reason, processing based on heat treatment or other feasible techniques is required. This review provides an overview of literature on the microbial quality of bovine colostrum and processing methods to improve its microbial quality and keep its nutritional values as food. The highlights of this review are as follows: high quality colostrum is a valuable raw material in food products and supplements; the microbial safety of bovine colostrum is increased using an appropriate processing-suitable effective heat treatment which does not destroy the high nutrition value of colostrum; the heat treatment processes are cost-effective compared to other methods; and heat treatment can be performed in both small- and large-scale production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:20:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ceb5f5291f564f679763cb1b6b6150ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-862X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:20:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Dairy |
| spelling | doaj.art-ceb5f5291f564f679763cb1b6b6150ea2023-11-23T07:51:24ZengMDPI AGDairy2624-862X2021-10-012455657510.3390/dairy2040044Bovine Colostrum for Human Consumption—Improving Microbial Quality and Maintaining Bioactive Characteristics through ProcessingSylvia Fasse0Jarmo Alarinta1Björn Frahm2Gun Wirtanen3School of Food and Agriculture, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 412, FI-60101 Seinäjoki, FinlandSchool of Food and Agriculture, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 412, FI-60101 Seinäjoki, FinlandBiotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Ostwestfalen-Lippe University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Campusallee 12, DE-32657 Lemgo, GermanySchool of Food and Agriculture, Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 412, FI-60101 Seinäjoki, FinlandThe main purpose of bovine colostrum, being the milk secreted by a cow after giving birth, is to transfer passive immunity to the calf. The calves have an immature immune system as they lack immunoglobulins (Igs). Subsequently, the supply of good quality bovine colostrum is required. The quality of colostrum is classified by low bacterial counts and adequate Ig concentrations. Bacterial contamination can contain a variety of human pathogens or high counts of spoilage bacteria, which has become more challenging with the emerging use of bovine colostrum as food and food supplements. There is also a growing risk for the spread of zoonotic diseases originating from bovines. For this reason, processing based on heat treatment or other feasible techniques is required. This review provides an overview of literature on the microbial quality of bovine colostrum and processing methods to improve its microbial quality and keep its nutritional values as food. The highlights of this review are as follows: high quality colostrum is a valuable raw material in food products and supplements; the microbial safety of bovine colostrum is increased using an appropriate processing-suitable effective heat treatment which does not destroy the high nutrition value of colostrum; the heat treatment processes are cost-effective compared to other methods; and heat treatment can be performed in both small- and large-scale production.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-862X/2/4/44bovine colostrumbacteriapathogensprobiotic bacteriacost-effective processingheat treatment |
| spellingShingle | Sylvia Fasse Jarmo Alarinta Björn Frahm Gun Wirtanen Bovine Colostrum for Human Consumption—Improving Microbial Quality and Maintaining Bioactive Characteristics through Processing Dairy bovine colostrum bacteria pathogens probiotic bacteria cost-effective processing heat treatment |
| title | Bovine Colostrum for Human Consumption—Improving Microbial Quality and Maintaining Bioactive Characteristics through Processing |
| title_full | Bovine Colostrum for Human Consumption—Improving Microbial Quality and Maintaining Bioactive Characteristics through Processing |
| title_fullStr | Bovine Colostrum for Human Consumption—Improving Microbial Quality and Maintaining Bioactive Characteristics through Processing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bovine Colostrum for Human Consumption—Improving Microbial Quality and Maintaining Bioactive Characteristics through Processing |
| title_short | Bovine Colostrum for Human Consumption—Improving Microbial Quality and Maintaining Bioactive Characteristics through Processing |
| title_sort | bovine colostrum for human consumption improving microbial quality and maintaining bioactive characteristics through processing |
| topic | bovine colostrum bacteria pathogens probiotic bacteria cost-effective processing heat treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2624-862X/2/4/44 |
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