On the Bipolar DC Flow Field-Effect-Transistor for Multifunctional Sample Handing in Microfluidics: A Theoretical Analysis under the Debye–Huckel Limit
We present herein a novel method of bipolar field-effect control on DC electroosmosis (DCEO) from a physical point of view, in the context of an intelligent and robust operation tool for stratified laminar streams in microscale systems. In this unique design of the DC flow field-effect-transistor (D...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2018-02-01
|
| Series: | Micromachines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/9/2/82 |
| _version_ | 1818519222848847872 |
|---|---|
| author | Weiyu Liu Qisheng Wu Yukun Ren Peng Cui Bobin Yao Yanbo Li Meng Hui Tianyi Jiang Lin Bai |
| author_facet | Weiyu Liu Qisheng Wu Yukun Ren Peng Cui Bobin Yao Yanbo Li Meng Hui Tianyi Jiang Lin Bai |
| author_sort | Weiyu Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present herein a novel method of bipolar field-effect control on DC electroosmosis (DCEO) from a physical point of view, in the context of an intelligent and robust operation tool for stratified laminar streams in microscale systems. In this unique design of the DC flow field-effect-transistor (DC-FFET), a pair of face-to-face external gate terminals are imposed with opposite gate-voltage polarities. Diffuse-charge dynamics induces heteropolar Debye screening charge within the diffuse double layer adjacent to the face-to-face oppositely-polarized gates, respectively. A background electric field is applied across the source-drain terminal and forces the face-to-face counterionic charge of reversed polarities into induced-charge electroosmotic (ICEO) vortex flow in the lateral direction. The chaotic turbulence of the transverse ICEO whirlpool interacts actively with the conventional plug flow of DCEO, giving rise to twisted streamlines for simultaneous DCEO pumping and ICEO mixing of fluid samples along the channel length direction. A mathematical model in thin-layer approximation and the low-voltage limit is subsequently established to test the feasibility of the bipolar DC-FFET configuration in electrokinetic manipulation of fluids at the micrometer dimension. According to our simulation analysis, an integrated device design with two sets of side-by-side, but upside-down gate electrode pair exhibits outstanding performance in electroconvective pumping and mixing even without any externally-applied pressure difference. Moreover, a paradigm of a microdevice for fully electrokinetics-driven analyte treatment is established with an array of reversed bipolar gate-terminal pairs arranged on top of the dielectric membrane along the channel length direction, from which we can obtain almost a perfect liquid mixture by using a smaller magnitude of gate voltages for causing less detrimental effects at a small Dukhin number. Sustained by theoretical analysis, our physical demonstration on bipolar field-effect flow control for the microfluidic device of dual functionalities in simultaneous electroconvective pumping and mixing holds great potential in the development of fully-automated liquid-phase actuators in modern microfluidic systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:21:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cebd7c53de954f9e95fa6ed0238840ef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T01:21:14Z |
| publishDate | 2018-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-cebd7c53de954f9e95fa6ed0238840ef2022-12-22T01:25:43ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2018-02-01928210.3390/mi9020082mi9020082On the Bipolar DC Flow Field-Effect-Transistor for Multifunctional Sample Handing in Microfluidics: A Theoretical Analysis under the Debye–Huckel LimitWeiyu Liu0Qisheng Wu1Yukun Ren2Peng Cui3Bobin Yao4Yanbo Li5Meng Hui6Tianyi Jiang7Lin Bai8School of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Middle-Section of Nan’er Huan Road, Xi’an 710064, Shanxi, ChinaSchool of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Middle-Section of Nan’er Huan Road, Xi’an 710064, Shanxi, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, ChinaSchool of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Middle-Section of Nan’er Huan Road, Xi’an 710064, Shanxi, ChinaSchool of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Middle-Section of Nan’er Huan Road, Xi’an 710064, Shanxi, ChinaSchool of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Middle-Section of Nan’er Huan Road, Xi’an 710064, Shanxi, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-zhi Street 92, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, ChinaSchool of Electronics and Control Engineering, Chang’an University, Middle-Section of Nan’er Huan Road, Xi’an 710064, Shanxi, ChinaWe present herein a novel method of bipolar field-effect control on DC electroosmosis (DCEO) from a physical point of view, in the context of an intelligent and robust operation tool for stratified laminar streams in microscale systems. In this unique design of the DC flow field-effect-transistor (DC-FFET), a pair of face-to-face external gate terminals are imposed with opposite gate-voltage polarities. Diffuse-charge dynamics induces heteropolar Debye screening charge within the diffuse double layer adjacent to the face-to-face oppositely-polarized gates, respectively. A background electric field is applied across the source-drain terminal and forces the face-to-face counterionic charge of reversed polarities into induced-charge electroosmotic (ICEO) vortex flow in the lateral direction. The chaotic turbulence of the transverse ICEO whirlpool interacts actively with the conventional plug flow of DCEO, giving rise to twisted streamlines for simultaneous DCEO pumping and ICEO mixing of fluid samples along the channel length direction. A mathematical model in thin-layer approximation and the low-voltage limit is subsequently established to test the feasibility of the bipolar DC-FFET configuration in electrokinetic manipulation of fluids at the micrometer dimension. According to our simulation analysis, an integrated device design with two sets of side-by-side, but upside-down gate electrode pair exhibits outstanding performance in electroconvective pumping and mixing even without any externally-applied pressure difference. Moreover, a paradigm of a microdevice for fully electrokinetics-driven analyte treatment is established with an array of reversed bipolar gate-terminal pairs arranged on top of the dielectric membrane along the channel length direction, from which we can obtain almost a perfect liquid mixture by using a smaller magnitude of gate voltages for causing less detrimental effects at a small Dukhin number. Sustained by theoretical analysis, our physical demonstration on bipolar field-effect flow control for the microfluidic device of dual functionalities in simultaneous electroconvective pumping and mixing holds great potential in the development of fully-automated liquid-phase actuators in modern microfluidic systems.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/9/2/82bipolar DC field-effect flow controlflow field-effect-transistorcounterionic Debye screeningsimultaneous electroconvective pumping and mixing in microfluidicslinear electroosmosisinduced-charge electroosmosis |
| spellingShingle | Weiyu Liu Qisheng Wu Yukun Ren Peng Cui Bobin Yao Yanbo Li Meng Hui Tianyi Jiang Lin Bai On the Bipolar DC Flow Field-Effect-Transistor for Multifunctional Sample Handing in Microfluidics: A Theoretical Analysis under the Debye–Huckel Limit Micromachines bipolar DC field-effect flow control flow field-effect-transistor counterionic Debye screening simultaneous electroconvective pumping and mixing in microfluidics linear electroosmosis induced-charge electroosmosis |
| title | On the Bipolar DC Flow Field-Effect-Transistor for Multifunctional Sample Handing in Microfluidics: A Theoretical Analysis under the Debye–Huckel Limit |
| title_full | On the Bipolar DC Flow Field-Effect-Transistor for Multifunctional Sample Handing in Microfluidics: A Theoretical Analysis under the Debye–Huckel Limit |
| title_fullStr | On the Bipolar DC Flow Field-Effect-Transistor for Multifunctional Sample Handing in Microfluidics: A Theoretical Analysis under the Debye–Huckel Limit |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the Bipolar DC Flow Field-Effect-Transistor for Multifunctional Sample Handing in Microfluidics: A Theoretical Analysis under the Debye–Huckel Limit |
| title_short | On the Bipolar DC Flow Field-Effect-Transistor for Multifunctional Sample Handing in Microfluidics: A Theoretical Analysis under the Debye–Huckel Limit |
| title_sort | on the bipolar dc flow field effect transistor for multifunctional sample handing in microfluidics a theoretical analysis under the debye huckel limit |
| topic | bipolar DC field-effect flow control flow field-effect-transistor counterionic Debye screening simultaneous electroconvective pumping and mixing in microfluidics linear electroosmosis induced-charge electroosmosis |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/9/2/82 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT weiyuliu onthebipolardcflowfieldeffecttransistorformultifunctionalsamplehandinginmicrofluidicsatheoreticalanalysisunderthedebyehuckellimit AT qishengwu onthebipolardcflowfieldeffecttransistorformultifunctionalsamplehandinginmicrofluidicsatheoreticalanalysisunderthedebyehuckellimit AT yukunren onthebipolardcflowfieldeffecttransistorformultifunctionalsamplehandinginmicrofluidicsatheoreticalanalysisunderthedebyehuckellimit AT pengcui onthebipolardcflowfieldeffecttransistorformultifunctionalsamplehandinginmicrofluidicsatheoreticalanalysisunderthedebyehuckellimit AT bobinyao onthebipolardcflowfieldeffecttransistorformultifunctionalsamplehandinginmicrofluidicsatheoreticalanalysisunderthedebyehuckellimit AT yanboli onthebipolardcflowfieldeffecttransistorformultifunctionalsamplehandinginmicrofluidicsatheoreticalanalysisunderthedebyehuckellimit AT menghui onthebipolardcflowfieldeffecttransistorformultifunctionalsamplehandinginmicrofluidicsatheoreticalanalysisunderthedebyehuckellimit AT tianyijiang onthebipolardcflowfieldeffecttransistorformultifunctionalsamplehandinginmicrofluidicsatheoreticalanalysisunderthedebyehuckellimit AT linbai onthebipolardcflowfieldeffecttransistorformultifunctionalsamplehandinginmicrofluidicsatheoreticalanalysisunderthedebyehuckellimit |