Proportion of paediatric admissions with any stage of noma at the Anka General Hospital, northwest Nigeria.
<h4>Introduction</h4>Noma is a rapidly spreading infection of the oral cavity which mainly affects young children. Without early treatment, it can have a high mortality rate. Simple gingivitis is a warning sign for noma, and acute necrotizing gingivitis is the first stage of noma. The ep...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2023-10-01
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| Series: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0011508&type=printable |
| _version_ | 1797394435110076416 |
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| author | Elise Farley Miriam Njoki Karinja Abdulhakeem Mohammed Lawal Michael Olaleye Sadiya Muhammad Maryam Umar Fatima Khalid Gaya Shirley Chioma Mbaeri Mark Sherlock Deogracia Wa Kabila Miriam Peters Joseph Samuel Guy Maloba Rabi Usman Saskia van der Kam Koert Ritmeijer Cono Ariti Mohana Amirtharajah Annick Lenglet Grégoire Falq |
| author_facet | Elise Farley Miriam Njoki Karinja Abdulhakeem Mohammed Lawal Michael Olaleye Sadiya Muhammad Maryam Umar Fatima Khalid Gaya Shirley Chioma Mbaeri Mark Sherlock Deogracia Wa Kabila Miriam Peters Joseph Samuel Guy Maloba Rabi Usman Saskia van der Kam Koert Ritmeijer Cono Ariti Mohana Amirtharajah Annick Lenglet Grégoire Falq |
| author_sort | Elise Farley |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Introduction</h4>Noma is a rapidly spreading infection of the oral cavity which mainly affects young children. Without early treatment, it can have a high mortality rate. Simple gingivitis is a warning sign for noma, and acute necrotizing gingivitis is the first stage of noma. The epidemiology of noma is not well understood. We aimed to understand the prevalence of all stages of noma in hospitalised children.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a prospective observational study from 1st June to 24th October 2021, enrolling patients aged 0 to 12 years who were admitted to the Anka General Hospital, Zamfara, northwest Nigeria. Consenting parents/ guardians of participants were interviewed at admission. Participants had anthropometric and oral examinations at admission and discharge.<h4>Findings</h4>Of the 2346 patients, 58 (2.5%) were diagnosed with simple gingivitis and six (n = 0.3%) with acute necrotizing gingivitis upon admission. Of those admitted to the Inpatient Therapeutic Feeding Centre (ITFC), 3.4% (n = 37, CI 2.5-4.7%) were diagnosed with simple gingivitis upon admission compared to 1.7% of those not admitted to the ITFC (n = 21, CI 1.1-2.6%) (p = 0.008). Risk factors identified for having simple gingivitis included being aged over two years (2 to 6 yrs old, odds ratio (OR) 3.4, CI 1.77-6.5; 7 to 12 yrs OR 5.0, CI 1.7-14.6; p = <0.001), being admitted to the ITFC (OR 2.1; CI 1.22-3.62) and having oral health issues in the three months prior to the assessment (OR 18.75; CI 10.65, 33.01). All (n = 4/4) those aged six months to five years acute necrotizing gingivitis had chronic malnutrition.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Our study showed a small proportion of children admitted to the Anka General Hospital had simple or acute necrotizing gingivitis. Hospital admission with malnutrition was a risk factor for both simple and acute necrotizing gingivitis. The lack of access to and uptake of oral health care indicates a strong need for oral examinations to be included in routine health services. This provision could improve the oral status of the population and decrease the chance of patients developing noma. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:18:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cec31a74db8c4f12b82213177a4570ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:18:44Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-cec31a74db8c4f12b82213177a4570ac2023-12-12T05:39:18ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352023-10-011710e001150810.1371/journal.pntd.0011508Proportion of paediatric admissions with any stage of noma at the Anka General Hospital, northwest Nigeria.Elise FarleyMiriam Njoki KarinjaAbdulhakeem Mohammed LawalMichael OlaleyeSadiya MuhammadMaryam UmarFatima Khalid GayaShirley Chioma MbaeriMark SherlockDeogracia Wa KabilaMiriam PetersJoseph SamuelGuy MalobaRabi UsmanSaskia van der KamKoert RitmeijerCono AritiMohana AmirtharajahAnnick LengletGrégoire Falq<h4>Introduction</h4>Noma is a rapidly spreading infection of the oral cavity which mainly affects young children. Without early treatment, it can have a high mortality rate. Simple gingivitis is a warning sign for noma, and acute necrotizing gingivitis is the first stage of noma. The epidemiology of noma is not well understood. We aimed to understand the prevalence of all stages of noma in hospitalised children.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a prospective observational study from 1st June to 24th October 2021, enrolling patients aged 0 to 12 years who were admitted to the Anka General Hospital, Zamfara, northwest Nigeria. Consenting parents/ guardians of participants were interviewed at admission. Participants had anthropometric and oral examinations at admission and discharge.<h4>Findings</h4>Of the 2346 patients, 58 (2.5%) were diagnosed with simple gingivitis and six (n = 0.3%) with acute necrotizing gingivitis upon admission. Of those admitted to the Inpatient Therapeutic Feeding Centre (ITFC), 3.4% (n = 37, CI 2.5-4.7%) were diagnosed with simple gingivitis upon admission compared to 1.7% of those not admitted to the ITFC (n = 21, CI 1.1-2.6%) (p = 0.008). Risk factors identified for having simple gingivitis included being aged over two years (2 to 6 yrs old, odds ratio (OR) 3.4, CI 1.77-6.5; 7 to 12 yrs OR 5.0, CI 1.7-14.6; p = <0.001), being admitted to the ITFC (OR 2.1; CI 1.22-3.62) and having oral health issues in the three months prior to the assessment (OR 18.75; CI 10.65, 33.01). All (n = 4/4) those aged six months to five years acute necrotizing gingivitis had chronic malnutrition.<h4>Conclusion</h4>Our study showed a small proportion of children admitted to the Anka General Hospital had simple or acute necrotizing gingivitis. Hospital admission with malnutrition was a risk factor for both simple and acute necrotizing gingivitis. The lack of access to and uptake of oral health care indicates a strong need for oral examinations to be included in routine health services. This provision could improve the oral status of the population and decrease the chance of patients developing noma.https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0011508&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Elise Farley Miriam Njoki Karinja Abdulhakeem Mohammed Lawal Michael Olaleye Sadiya Muhammad Maryam Umar Fatima Khalid Gaya Shirley Chioma Mbaeri Mark Sherlock Deogracia Wa Kabila Miriam Peters Joseph Samuel Guy Maloba Rabi Usman Saskia van der Kam Koert Ritmeijer Cono Ariti Mohana Amirtharajah Annick Lenglet Grégoire Falq Proportion of paediatric admissions with any stage of noma at the Anka General Hospital, northwest Nigeria. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| title | Proportion of paediatric admissions with any stage of noma at the Anka General Hospital, northwest Nigeria. |
| title_full | Proportion of paediatric admissions with any stage of noma at the Anka General Hospital, northwest Nigeria. |
| title_fullStr | Proportion of paediatric admissions with any stage of noma at the Anka General Hospital, northwest Nigeria. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Proportion of paediatric admissions with any stage of noma at the Anka General Hospital, northwest Nigeria. |
| title_short | Proportion of paediatric admissions with any stage of noma at the Anka General Hospital, northwest Nigeria. |
| title_sort | proportion of paediatric admissions with any stage of noma at the anka general hospital northwest nigeria |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0011508&type=printable |
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