Global Burden of <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> Infection and Associated Risk Factors in People Living with HIV and/or AIDS
<i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> infections remain one of the most common protozoan opportunistic causes of gastrointestinal diseases and diarrhea among people living with HIV and/or AIDS (PLWHA). This study was conducted to provide a summary of the evidence on the global burden of <i&g...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/6/1279 |
| _version_ | 1827655871216222208 |
|---|---|
| author | Saba Ramezanzadeh Apostolos Beloukas Abdol Sattar Pagheh Mohammad Taghi Rahimi Seyed Abdollah Hosseini Sonia M. Rodrigues Oliveira Maria de Lourdes Pereira Ehsan Ahmadpour |
| author_facet | Saba Ramezanzadeh Apostolos Beloukas Abdol Sattar Pagheh Mohammad Taghi Rahimi Seyed Abdollah Hosseini Sonia M. Rodrigues Oliveira Maria de Lourdes Pereira Ehsan Ahmadpour |
| author_sort | Saba Ramezanzadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> infections remain one of the most common protozoan opportunistic causes of gastrointestinal diseases and diarrhea among people living with HIV and/or AIDS (PLWHA). This study was conducted to provide a summary of the evidence on the global burden of <i>C. cayetanensis</i> infection and associated risk factors among PLWHA. <i>Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct</i>, and <i>EMBASE</i> were searched up to February 2022. All original peer-reviewed original research articles were considered, including descriptive and cross-sectional studies describing <i>C. cayetanensis</i> in PLWHA. Incoherence and heterogeneity between studies were quantified by I index and Cochran’s Q test. Publication and population bias were assessed with funnel plots and Egger’s asymmetry regression test. All statistical analyses were performed using StatsDirect. The pooled prevalence of <i>C. cayetanensis</i> infection among PLWHA was 3.89% (95% CI, 2.62–5.40). The highest prevalence found in South America was 7.87% and the lowest in Asia 2.77%. In addition, the prevalence of <i>C. cayetanensis</i> was higher in PLWHA compared to healthy individuals. There was a relationship between a higher <i>C. cayetanensis</i> prevalence in PLWHA with a CD4 cell count below 200 cells/mL and people with diarrhea. The results show that PLWHA are more vulnerable to <i>C. cayetanensis</i> infection and emphasizes the need to implement the screening and prophylaxis tailored to the local context. Owing to the serious and significant clinical manifestations of the parasite, an early identification of seropositivity is recommended to initiate prophylaxis between PLWHA with a CD4 count ≤200 cells/mL and PLWHA who do not receive antiviral therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:14:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cec3ecbce0b1453eb6c99f115d928dac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:14:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-cec3ecbce0b1453eb6c99f115d928dac2023-11-23T19:26:42ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-06-01146127910.3390/v14061279Global Burden of <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> Infection and Associated Risk Factors in People Living with HIV and/or AIDSSaba Ramezanzadeh0Apostolos Beloukas1Abdol Sattar Pagheh2Mohammad Taghi Rahimi3Seyed Abdollah Hosseini4Sonia M. Rodrigues Oliveira5Maria de Lourdes Pereira6Ehsan Ahmadpour7Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14766, IranNational AIDS Reference Center of Southern Greece, Department of Public Health Policy, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, GreeceInfectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 97178-53577, IranCenter for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud 36147-73955, IranDepartment of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 33971-48157, IranCICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalCICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalInfectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51666-14766, Iran<i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> infections remain one of the most common protozoan opportunistic causes of gastrointestinal diseases and diarrhea among people living with HIV and/or AIDS (PLWHA). This study was conducted to provide a summary of the evidence on the global burden of <i>C. cayetanensis</i> infection and associated risk factors among PLWHA. <i>Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct</i>, and <i>EMBASE</i> were searched up to February 2022. All original peer-reviewed original research articles were considered, including descriptive and cross-sectional studies describing <i>C. cayetanensis</i> in PLWHA. Incoherence and heterogeneity between studies were quantified by I index and Cochran’s Q test. Publication and population bias were assessed with funnel plots and Egger’s asymmetry regression test. All statistical analyses were performed using StatsDirect. The pooled prevalence of <i>C. cayetanensis</i> infection among PLWHA was 3.89% (95% CI, 2.62–5.40). The highest prevalence found in South America was 7.87% and the lowest in Asia 2.77%. In addition, the prevalence of <i>C. cayetanensis</i> was higher in PLWHA compared to healthy individuals. There was a relationship between a higher <i>C. cayetanensis</i> prevalence in PLWHA with a CD4 cell count below 200 cells/mL and people with diarrhea. The results show that PLWHA are more vulnerable to <i>C. cayetanensis</i> infection and emphasizes the need to implement the screening and prophylaxis tailored to the local context. Owing to the serious and significant clinical manifestations of the parasite, an early identification of seropositivity is recommended to initiate prophylaxis between PLWHA with a CD4 count ≤200 cells/mL and PLWHA who do not receive antiviral therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/6/1279<i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i>HIVAIDSprotozoan parasiteprevalencemeta-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Saba Ramezanzadeh Apostolos Beloukas Abdol Sattar Pagheh Mohammad Taghi Rahimi Seyed Abdollah Hosseini Sonia M. Rodrigues Oliveira Maria de Lourdes Pereira Ehsan Ahmadpour Global Burden of <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> Infection and Associated Risk Factors in People Living with HIV and/or AIDS Viruses <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> HIV AIDS protozoan parasite prevalence meta-analysis |
| title | Global Burden of <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> Infection and Associated Risk Factors in People Living with HIV and/or AIDS |
| title_full | Global Burden of <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> Infection and Associated Risk Factors in People Living with HIV and/or AIDS |
| title_fullStr | Global Burden of <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> Infection and Associated Risk Factors in People Living with HIV and/or AIDS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global Burden of <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> Infection and Associated Risk Factors in People Living with HIV and/or AIDS |
| title_short | Global Burden of <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> Infection and Associated Risk Factors in People Living with HIV and/or AIDS |
| title_sort | global burden of i cyclospora cayetanensis i infection and associated risk factors in people living with hiv and or aids |
| topic | <i>Cyclospora cayetanensis</i> HIV AIDS protozoan parasite prevalence meta-analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/6/1279 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sabaramezanzadeh globalburdenoficyclosporacayetanensisiinfectionandassociatedriskfactorsinpeoplelivingwithhivandoraids AT apostolosbeloukas globalburdenoficyclosporacayetanensisiinfectionandassociatedriskfactorsinpeoplelivingwithhivandoraids AT abdolsattarpagheh globalburdenoficyclosporacayetanensisiinfectionandassociatedriskfactorsinpeoplelivingwithhivandoraids AT mohammadtaghirahimi globalburdenoficyclosporacayetanensisiinfectionandassociatedriskfactorsinpeoplelivingwithhivandoraids AT seyedabdollahhosseini globalburdenoficyclosporacayetanensisiinfectionandassociatedriskfactorsinpeoplelivingwithhivandoraids AT soniamrodriguesoliveira globalburdenoficyclosporacayetanensisiinfectionandassociatedriskfactorsinpeoplelivingwithhivandoraids AT mariadelourdespereira globalburdenoficyclosporacayetanensisiinfectionandassociatedriskfactorsinpeoplelivingwithhivandoraids AT ehsanahmadpour globalburdenoficyclosporacayetanensisiinfectionandassociatedriskfactorsinpeoplelivingwithhivandoraids |