SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, and Hydroxychloroquine: Cardiovascular Complications, Therapeutics, and Clinical Readouts in the Current Settings
The rapidly evolving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2- SARS-CoV-2), has greatly burdened the global healthcare system and led it into crisis in several countries. Lack of targeted therapeutics led to the idea of repurposing broad-spectrum...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/7/546 |
| _version_ | 1797563107724230656 |
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| author | Rajkumar Singh Kalra Dhanendra Tomar Avtar Singh Meena Ramesh Kandimalla |
| author_facet | Rajkumar Singh Kalra Dhanendra Tomar Avtar Singh Meena Ramesh Kandimalla |
| author_sort | Rajkumar Singh Kalra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rapidly evolving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2- SARS-CoV-2), has greatly burdened the global healthcare system and led it into crisis in several countries. Lack of targeted therapeutics led to the idea of repurposing broad-spectrum drugs for viral intervention. In vitro analyses of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)’s anecdotal benefits prompted its widespread clinical repurposing globally. Reports of emerging cardiovascular complications due to its clinical prescription are revealing the crucial role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which serves as a target receptor for SARS-CoV-2. In the present settings, a clear understanding of these targets, their functional aspects and physiological impact on cardiovascular function are critical. In an up-to-date format, we shed light on HCQ’s anecdotal function in stalling SARS-CoV-2 replication and immunomodulatory activities. While starting with the crucial role of ACE2, we here discuss the impact of HCQ on systemic cardiovascular function, its associated risks, and the scope of HCQ-based regimes in current clinical settings. Citing the extent of HCQ efficacy, the key considerations and recommendations for the use of HCQ in clinics are further discussed. Taken together, this review provides crucial insights into the role of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2-led cardiovascular activity, and concurrently assesses the efficacy of HCQ in contemporary clinical settings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:37:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-ced43afca5384ce285ef5332585a2b50 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:37:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-ced43afca5384ce285ef5332585a2b502023-11-20T06:05:24ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172020-07-019754610.3390/pathogens9070546SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, and Hydroxychloroquine: Cardiovascular Complications, Therapeutics, and Clinical Readouts in the Current SettingsRajkumar Singh Kalra0Dhanendra Tomar1Avtar Singh Meena2Ramesh Kandimalla3AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305 8565, JapanCenter for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USACSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana State, IndiaApplied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, IndiaThe rapidly evolving coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2- SARS-CoV-2), has greatly burdened the global healthcare system and led it into crisis in several countries. Lack of targeted therapeutics led to the idea of repurposing broad-spectrum drugs for viral intervention. In vitro analyses of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)’s anecdotal benefits prompted its widespread clinical repurposing globally. Reports of emerging cardiovascular complications due to its clinical prescription are revealing the crucial role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which serves as a target receptor for SARS-CoV-2. In the present settings, a clear understanding of these targets, their functional aspects and physiological impact on cardiovascular function are critical. In an up-to-date format, we shed light on HCQ’s anecdotal function in stalling SARS-CoV-2 replication and immunomodulatory activities. While starting with the crucial role of ACE2, we here discuss the impact of HCQ on systemic cardiovascular function, its associated risks, and the scope of HCQ-based regimes in current clinical settings. Citing the extent of HCQ efficacy, the key considerations and recommendations for the use of HCQ in clinics are further discussed. Taken together, this review provides crucial insights into the role of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2-led cardiovascular activity, and concurrently assesses the efficacy of HCQ in contemporary clinical settings.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/7/546SARS-CoV-2COVID-19ACE2hydroxychloroquinecardiovascular systemcardiovascular disease (CVD) |
| spellingShingle | Rajkumar Singh Kalra Dhanendra Tomar Avtar Singh Meena Ramesh Kandimalla SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, and Hydroxychloroquine: Cardiovascular Complications, Therapeutics, and Clinical Readouts in the Current Settings Pathogens SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 ACE2 hydroxychloroquine cardiovascular system cardiovascular disease (CVD) |
| title | SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, and Hydroxychloroquine: Cardiovascular Complications, Therapeutics, and Clinical Readouts in the Current Settings |
| title_full | SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, and Hydroxychloroquine: Cardiovascular Complications, Therapeutics, and Clinical Readouts in the Current Settings |
| title_fullStr | SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, and Hydroxychloroquine: Cardiovascular Complications, Therapeutics, and Clinical Readouts in the Current Settings |
| title_full_unstemmed | SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, and Hydroxychloroquine: Cardiovascular Complications, Therapeutics, and Clinical Readouts in the Current Settings |
| title_short | SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, and Hydroxychloroquine: Cardiovascular Complications, Therapeutics, and Clinical Readouts in the Current Settings |
| title_sort | sars cov 2 ace2 and hydroxychloroquine cardiovascular complications therapeutics and clinical readouts in the current settings |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 ACE2 hydroxychloroquine cardiovascular system cardiovascular disease (CVD) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/7/546 |
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