Microglia: The Real Foe in HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders?
The current use of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is leading to a significant decrease in deaths and comorbidities associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Nonetheless, none of these therapies can extinguish the virus from the long-lived cellular reservoir, incl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/8/925 |
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| author | Ana Borrajo López Maria Aránzazu Penedo Tania Rivera-Baltanas Daniel Pérez-Rodríguez David Alonso-Crespo Carlos Fernández-Pereira José Manuel Olivares Roberto Carlos Agís-Balboa |
| author_facet | Ana Borrajo López Maria Aránzazu Penedo Tania Rivera-Baltanas Daniel Pérez-Rodríguez David Alonso-Crespo Carlos Fernández-Pereira José Manuel Olivares Roberto Carlos Agís-Balboa |
| author_sort | Ana Borrajo López |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current use of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is leading to a significant decrease in deaths and comorbidities associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Nonetheless, none of these therapies can extinguish the virus from the long-lived cellular reservoir, including microglia, thereby representing an important obstacle to curing HIV. Microglia are the foremost cells infected by HIV-1 in the central nervous system (CNS) and are believed to be involved in the development of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). At present, the pathological mechanisms contributing to HAND remain unclear, but evidence suggests that removing these infected cells from the brain, as well as obtaining a better understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 latency in these cells, should help in the design of new strategies to prevent HAND and achieve a cure for these diseases. The goal of this review was to study the current state of knowledge of the neuropathology and research models of HAND containing virus susceptible target cells (microglial cells) and potential pharmacological treatment approaches under investigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:59:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cf0ab9c5a6c84e47b31721d5e1272b67 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:59:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-cf0ab9c5a6c84e47b31721d5e1272b672023-11-22T06:52:03ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592021-07-019892510.3390/biomedicines9080925Microglia: The Real Foe in HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders?Ana Borrajo López0Maria Aránzazu Penedo1Tania Rivera-Baltanas2Daniel Pérez-Rodríguez3David Alonso-Crespo4Carlos Fernández-Pereira5José Manuel Olivares6Roberto Carlos Agís-Balboa7Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainTranslational Neuroscience Group-CIBERSAM, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Área Sanitaria de Vigo-Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, SpainTranslational Neuroscience Group-CIBERSAM, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Área Sanitaria de Vigo-Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, SpainTranslational Neuroscience Group-CIBERSAM, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Área Sanitaria de Vigo-Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, SpainNursing Team-Intensive Care Unit, Área Sanitaria de Vigo, Estrada de Clara Campoamor 341, SERGAS-UVigo, 36312 Virgo, SpainTranslational Neuroscience Group-CIBERSAM, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Área Sanitaria de Vigo-Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, SpainTranslational Neuroscience Group-CIBERSAM, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Área Sanitaria de Vigo-Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, SpainTranslational Neuroscience Group-CIBERSAM, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Área Sanitaria de Vigo-Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, SERGAS-UVIGO, 36213 Vigo, SpainThe current use of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is leading to a significant decrease in deaths and comorbidities associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Nonetheless, none of these therapies can extinguish the virus from the long-lived cellular reservoir, including microglia, thereby representing an important obstacle to curing HIV. Microglia are the foremost cells infected by HIV-1 in the central nervous system (CNS) and are believed to be involved in the development of HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). At present, the pathological mechanisms contributing to HAND remain unclear, but evidence suggests that removing these infected cells from the brain, as well as obtaining a better understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 latency in these cells, should help in the design of new strategies to prevent HAND and achieve a cure for these diseases. The goal of this review was to study the current state of knowledge of the neuropathology and research models of HAND containing virus susceptible target cells (microglial cells) and potential pharmacological treatment approaches under investigation.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/8/925HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disordersmicrogliapharmacological treatmentcentral nervous systemantiretroviral therapy |
| spellingShingle | Ana Borrajo López Maria Aránzazu Penedo Tania Rivera-Baltanas Daniel Pérez-Rodríguez David Alonso-Crespo Carlos Fernández-Pereira José Manuel Olivares Roberto Carlos Agís-Balboa Microglia: The Real Foe in HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders? Biomedicines HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders microglia pharmacological treatment central nervous system antiretroviral therapy |
| title | Microglia: The Real Foe in HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders? |
| title_full | Microglia: The Real Foe in HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders? |
| title_fullStr | Microglia: The Real Foe in HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microglia: The Real Foe in HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders? |
| title_short | Microglia: The Real Foe in HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders? |
| title_sort | microglia the real foe in hiv 1 associated neurocognitive disorders |
| topic | HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders microglia pharmacological treatment central nervous system antiretroviral therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/9/8/925 |
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