| Summary: | In humans and animals, botulism is a disease characterized by generalized and progressive paralysis caused by Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins
(BoNT). BoNTs, defined in seven diff erent antigenic types (A to G), proteolyze SNAREs (synaptosomal-associated protein/SNAP-25 and synaptobrevin)
responsible for acetylcholine release in peripheral cholinergic neurons, and thus cause fl accid paralysis and death. Currently, mouse experiments
are considered the reference method for definitive diagnosis. However, new diagnostic methods that are fast and accurate and would not raise
ethical issues need to be developed. Therefore, using antibodies specific to the toxoid forms of BoNTs, the presence of BoNT-C and/or BoNT-D was
investigated by immunohistochemical method (IHC) in the study. The tissues of thirty ruminants (twenty cattle, seven sheep, three goats), which had
the clinical and pathological findings of botulism and a herd history of the disease, were used as material. BoNTs were detected with IHC in sixteen
of the thirty ruminants as three BoNT-C, eleven BoNT-D, and two BoNT C+D. In the mouse experiments, BoNT was isolated in only three cases (two
BoNT-D, one BoNT-C). Additionally, being responsible for the clinical findings of botulism, the interaction of BoNTs with SNAP-25 and synaptobrevin
was investigated using IHC. It was determined that BoNT-C specifically reduces the expression of SNAP-25, and BoNT-D reduces the expression of
synaptobrevin and partially SNAP-25. It was concluded that additional studies may be valuable to investigate the use of IHC in the diagnosis of
botulism.
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