| Summary: | The crude protein from Cocos nucifera L. nutshell was isolated and fractionized by GFC, yielding two protein peaks, CNP-F1 and CNP-F2 having a molecular weight of 43 kDa and 46 kDa, respectively as confirmed by MALDI-TOF. MS/MS analysis followed by MASCOT search confirmed CNP-F1 was gibberellin-20-oxidase and CNP-F2 was serine/threonine kinase-11. CNP-F1 (2.5 µg/mL) and CNP-F2 (0.5 µg/mL) upregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-12, IFN-γ) release significantly (p < 0.01) with the prompt nitrite generation in murine peritoneal macrophages. It was also noteworthy that CNP-F2 showed better efficacy in terms of macrophage activation than CNP-F1. After that, the 3D structure of CNP-F2 was designed and validated by the Ramachandran plot. Later, in silico study indicated that CNP-F2 could bind with TLRs and modulate their expressions. Hence, the CNP-F2 protein, a serine/threonine kinase-11, from C. nucifera L. nutshell can be considered as a TLR-activating potential immunomodulator to boost macrophage-mediated immune responses.
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