Chemical Stimulation of Rodent and Human Cortical Synaptosomes: Implications in Neurodegeneration
Synaptic plasticity events, including long-term potentiation (LTP), are often regarded as correlates of brain functions of memory and cognition. One of the central players in these plasticity-related phenomena is the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptor (AMPAR). Increased levels...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/5/1174 |
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| author | Faraz Ahmad Yu Jing Albert Lladó Ping Liu |
| author_facet | Faraz Ahmad Yu Jing Albert Lladó Ping Liu |
| author_sort | Faraz Ahmad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Synaptic plasticity events, including long-term potentiation (LTP), are often regarded as correlates of brain functions of memory and cognition. One of the central players in these plasticity-related phenomena is the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptor (AMPAR). Increased levels of AMPARs on postsynaptic membranes thus constitute a biochemical measure of LTP. Isolated synaptic terminals (synaptosomes) are an excellent ex vivo tool to monitor synaptic physiology in healthy and diseased brains, particularly in human research. We herein describe three protocols for chemically-induced LTP (cLTP) in synaptosomes from both rodent and human brain tissues. Two of these chemical stimulation protocols are described for the first time in synaptosomes. A pharmacological block of synaptosomal actin dynamics confirmed the efficiency of the cLTP protocols. Furthermore, the study prototypically evaluated the deficiency of cLTP in cortical synaptosomes obtained from human cases of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FLTD), as well as an animal model that mimics FLTD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:30:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cf3011ebde714d868d671826283bc97d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:30:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-cf3011ebde714d868d671826283bc97d2023-11-21T19:19:12ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-05-01105117410.3390/cells10051174Chemical Stimulation of Rodent and Human Cortical Synaptosomes: Implications in NeurodegenerationFaraz Ahmad0Yu Jing1Albert Lladó2Ping Liu3Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New ZealandDepartment of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New ZealandAlzheimer’s Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New ZealandSynaptic plasticity events, including long-term potentiation (LTP), are often regarded as correlates of brain functions of memory and cognition. One of the central players in these plasticity-related phenomena is the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptor (AMPAR). Increased levels of AMPARs on postsynaptic membranes thus constitute a biochemical measure of LTP. Isolated synaptic terminals (synaptosomes) are an excellent ex vivo tool to monitor synaptic physiology in healthy and diseased brains, particularly in human research. We herein describe three protocols for chemically-induced LTP (cLTP) in synaptosomes from both rodent and human brain tissues. Two of these chemical stimulation protocols are described for the first time in synaptosomes. A pharmacological block of synaptosomal actin dynamics confirmed the efficiency of the cLTP protocols. Furthermore, the study prototypically evaluated the deficiency of cLTP in cortical synaptosomes obtained from human cases of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FLTD), as well as an animal model that mimics FLTD.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/5/1174glycineKClNMDARdepolarizationrolipramforskolin |
| spellingShingle | Faraz Ahmad Yu Jing Albert Lladó Ping Liu Chemical Stimulation of Rodent and Human Cortical Synaptosomes: Implications in Neurodegeneration Cells glycine KCl NMDAR depolarization rolipram forskolin |
| title | Chemical Stimulation of Rodent and Human Cortical Synaptosomes: Implications in Neurodegeneration |
| title_full | Chemical Stimulation of Rodent and Human Cortical Synaptosomes: Implications in Neurodegeneration |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Stimulation of Rodent and Human Cortical Synaptosomes: Implications in Neurodegeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Stimulation of Rodent and Human Cortical Synaptosomes: Implications in Neurodegeneration |
| title_short | Chemical Stimulation of Rodent and Human Cortical Synaptosomes: Implications in Neurodegeneration |
| title_sort | chemical stimulation of rodent and human cortical synaptosomes implications in neurodegeneration |
| topic | glycine KCl NMDAR depolarization rolipram forskolin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/5/1174 |
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