The Inverse Relationship between Influenza Vaccination and Antimicrobial Resistance: An Ecological Analysis of Italian Data
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the key threats to global health and requires sustainable and effective actions to reduce its consequences in the near future worldwide. There are several well-documented and epidemiologically supported examples that both bacterial and viral vaccines might ha...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/4/554 |
| _version_ | 1797434180924080128 |
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| author | Martina Barchitta Andrea Maugeri Rosario Vinci Antonella Agodi |
| author_facet | Martina Barchitta Andrea Maugeri Rosario Vinci Antonella Agodi |
| author_sort | Martina Barchitta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the key threats to global health and requires sustainable and effective actions to reduce its consequences in the near future worldwide. There are several well-documented and epidemiologically supported examples that both bacterial and viral vaccines might have an impact on AMR. Here, we conducted an ecological analysis of Italian data to evaluate the relationship between influenza vaccination coverage and AMR proportions over the last two decades. We found significant negative correlations between influenza vaccination coverage in the population over 64 years and AMR in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolates. The observed inverse relationships were confirmed by linear regression analysis. Similar results were obtained for the vaccination coverage in the overall population. Despite the main limitations of our study, its findings suggested an inverse relationship between influenza vaccination coverage and AMR proportions over the years, which was in accordance with previous theories illustrating how influenza vaccination reduced antibiotic prescriptions. However, since our study did not allow for us to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning the observed relationship, more and better data on confounding and mediating factors should be considered in future research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:28:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cf3093d90d2545b2bb8a1727f3bf5696 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:28:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-cf3093d90d2545b2bb8a1727f3bf56962023-12-01T21:30:29ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-04-0110455410.3390/vaccines10040554The Inverse Relationship between Influenza Vaccination and Antimicrobial Resistance: An Ecological Analysis of Italian DataMartina Barchitta0Andrea Maugeri1Rosario Vinci2Antonella Agodi3Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, ItalyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, ItalyAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the key threats to global health and requires sustainable and effective actions to reduce its consequences in the near future worldwide. There are several well-documented and epidemiologically supported examples that both bacterial and viral vaccines might have an impact on AMR. Here, we conducted an ecological analysis of Italian data to evaluate the relationship between influenza vaccination coverage and AMR proportions over the last two decades. We found significant negative correlations between influenza vaccination coverage in the population over 64 years and AMR in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> isolates. The observed inverse relationships were confirmed by linear regression analysis. Similar results were obtained for the vaccination coverage in the overall population. Despite the main limitations of our study, its findings suggested an inverse relationship between influenza vaccination coverage and AMR proportions over the years, which was in accordance with previous theories illustrating how influenza vaccination reduced antibiotic prescriptions. However, since our study did not allow for us to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning the observed relationship, more and better data on confounding and mediating factors should be considered in future research.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/4/554vaccinesantibioticAMRpublic healthdrug resistance |
| spellingShingle | Martina Barchitta Andrea Maugeri Rosario Vinci Antonella Agodi The Inverse Relationship between Influenza Vaccination and Antimicrobial Resistance: An Ecological Analysis of Italian Data Vaccines vaccines antibiotic AMR public health drug resistance |
| title | The Inverse Relationship between Influenza Vaccination and Antimicrobial Resistance: An Ecological Analysis of Italian Data |
| title_full | The Inverse Relationship between Influenza Vaccination and Antimicrobial Resistance: An Ecological Analysis of Italian Data |
| title_fullStr | The Inverse Relationship between Influenza Vaccination and Antimicrobial Resistance: An Ecological Analysis of Italian Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Inverse Relationship between Influenza Vaccination and Antimicrobial Resistance: An Ecological Analysis of Italian Data |
| title_short | The Inverse Relationship between Influenza Vaccination and Antimicrobial Resistance: An Ecological Analysis of Italian Data |
| title_sort | inverse relationship between influenza vaccination and antimicrobial resistance an ecological analysis of italian data |
| topic | vaccines antibiotic AMR public health drug resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/4/554 |
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